水稻着粒密度对产量和品质形成的影响  

Effect of Spikelet Density on the Grain Yield and Quality Formation in Rice

作　　者：孟维韧[1] 王伯伦[1] 吕军[1] 贾宝艳[1] 黄元财[1] 王慧新[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2009年第3期262-267,共6页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部结构调整项目(05-01-02A);辽宁省科技攻关项目资助

摘　　要：为了探讨不同穗型水稻品种的穗部性状与产量和稻米品质的关系,以辽宁省近年育成的水稻品种(品系)为试材,进行了品种类型间的比较研究。结果表明:根据水稻着粒密度可将试材分为散穗型、半散穗型、半紧穗型和紧穗型4种类型。各类型间稻谷产量差异显著,其中半散穗型和半紧穗型品种产量较高。紧穗型品种的一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和每穗空秕粒数都较多,成粒率较低。除了散穗型品种整精米率显著高于半散穗型和半紧穗型品种外,散穗型、半散穗型和半紧穗型间其它品质性状差异不显著,三者品质明显好于紧穗型品种。着粒密度与每穗成粒数、产量呈开口向下的抛物线关系,与碱消值呈显著负相关,与谷草比呈显著正相关;产量与食味值呈显著的正相关。在籽粒灌浆结实期,半散穗型和半紧穗型品种的单叶净光合速率较高,后期生产的干物质较多,谷草比较大。半紧穗型和半散穗型品种产量较高,食味品质较好,选择着粒密度适宜的材料容易育出高产优质品种。Using rice varieties recently bred in Liaoning,the panicle characters, yield and quality of different panicle type of rice plants were studied. The results showed that varieties were classified into lax, semi-lax, semi-dense and dense panicle types. Significant difference was found in grain yield. Semi-lax and semi-dense panicle varieties had higher yield. Dense panicle variety had more primary rachis branches, secondary rachis branches and imperfect grains per panicle, and lower percentage of ripened grains. There was no significant difference in quality traits among lax, semi-lax and semi-dense panicle types except head rice rate of semi-dense panicle variety. Quality traits of the three types were better than that of dense panicle variety. The percentage of ripened grains and grain yield were related with the spikelet density in second order function. The spikelet density was negatively correlated with alkali spreading value and positively correlated with the ratio of grain to straw. Grain yield was positively correlated with eating value. During the late growth period, semi-lax and semi-dense panicle varieties had higher net photosynthetic rate,dry weight and ratio of grain to straw. In a word, grain yield and eating quality of semi-lax and semi-dense panicle were higher than that of others. The varieties with high yield and good quality could be easily selected based on spikelet density.

关 键 词：水稻 着粒密度 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511.035.1[农业科学—作物学]