地膜覆盖旱直播栽培对水稻产量及群体冠层特性的影响  

Effects of Polythene Mulch Cultivation on Rice Yield and Canopy Properties

作　　者：张玉烛 曾翔 瞿华香[1,2] 张岳平[3] 刘洋[1,2] 陈凯林 黄泽辉 谢小立[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省水稻研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]中南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [4]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2009年第3期63-67,共5页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)“我国农田生态系统重要生态过程与调控对策研究”(2005CB121106-03);“十一五”湖南省重大科技攻关项目“超级杂交稻高产栽培技术体系研究与示范”;“十一五”科技支撑计划重大项目粮食丰产科技工程“长江中游南部(湖南)双季稻丰产高效技术集成研究与示范”

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究了地膜覆盖旱直播栽培水稻群体冠层的结构特性、生态特性以及产量和产量构成。结果表明:地膜覆盖旱直播栽培水稻产量高于常规水育秧栽培(CK),有效穗数和成穗率增加。地膜覆盖旱直播栽培冠层各个层次的覆盖指数都显著低于常规水育秧栽培,冠层中、下层平均叶倾角大于常规水育秧栽培,叶片直立,增加了光的通透性。地膜覆盖旱直播栽培水稻冠层空气最高温度延迟2 h达到,且小于对照;冠层空气CO2浓度则较对照延迟2 h达到最低点,且12:00之前高于对照,14:00之后则低于对照;冠层空气水分含量12:00之前小于对照,14:00之后则略大于对照。说明地膜覆盖旱直播栽培改善了群体结构和生态特性,为水稻高产提供了较好的生态基础。The canopy structural and ecological properties, grain yield and yield components of rice populations by the mode of polythene mulch cultivation with dry land direct seeding were conducted under field conditions. The results showed that the polythene mulch cultivation yielded higher and had more productive panicles and a higher earbearing tiller rate than the mode of conventional cultivation with wet land seedling raising （CK）. The canopy cover indices of the polythene mulch cultivation on various spatial layers were all significantly smaller than those of the conventional cultivation; the polythene mulch cultivation, with bigger leafing angles （to the horizontal line） on the middle and lower layers, had erect leaves for a good light penetration. Compared with the conventional cultivation, the polythene mulch cultivation reached the maximal daily air temperature within the canopy two hours later and had a lower value of the maximal temperature, while it reached the minimal daily CO2 concentration within the canopy two hours later and the CO2 concentration was higher before 12：00 but lower after 14：00; for the air moisture content within the canopy, it had a lower value before 12：00 but a little higher value after 14：00. These results indicate that the polythene mulch cultivation provides a better ecological foundation for high yields by improving the population structural and ecological properties.

关 键 词：水稻 地膜覆盖 旱直播栽培 冠层结构 生态特性 

分 类 号：S511.048[农业科学—作物学] S318