新型固定化生物小球的研制及其处理模拟苯胺废水的特性  

Preparation of novel immobilized microbe beads and their performance in the treatment of synthetic aniline wastewater

作　　者：刘巍[1] 胡中华[1] 刘亚菲[1] 王晓静[1] 陈玉娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学化学系,上海200092

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2009年第6期1195-1202,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)资助项目(No.2008AA06Z329)~~

摘　　要：从焦化废水二级处理系统的生物膜中富集、培养、浓缩得到能降解苯胺的混合菌种GA1作为固定化微生物的来源.用3种不同方法制备了新型固定化生物活性炭纤维小球(IBACFBs),并研究了其机械性能;通过降解模拟苯胺废水考察了固定化生物活性炭纤维小球的生化活性和循环使用寿命.同时也比较了小球中活性炭纤维和活性炭对小球生化性能的影响.结果表明,以Ca(NO3)2为唯一固化剂,采用冷冻-解冻法制得的IBACFBs具有最好的机械性能和生化活性,对高浓度苯胺溶液有优异的降解效果,最适条件下经过46h反应,苯胺浓度从初始的526mg.L-1降至9.6mg.L-1,降解率达到98.4%.由于具有特殊的孔结构和巨大的比表面积,相比于活性炭,活性炭纤维更能提升固定化小球的生化活性.循环批次降解苯胺实验表明,IBACFBs具有良好的机械强度,生化活性随着循环次数的增加不但没有降低,反而有不同程度的提高;循环批次反应后,在最适条件下IBACFBs仅用30h就可将苯胺溶液浓度从513mg.L-1降至7.6mg.L-1,降解率高达98.5%.A mixed bacterial culture, GA1, taken from the biofilm of a secondary coking wastewater treatment system was incubated and enriched as an immobilized bacteria source for the degradation of aniline. Immobilized Biological Activated Carbon Fiber Beads （IBACFBs） were prepared by three different solidification methods using GA1 as the bacteria source. The influence of the immobilization parameters on the mechanical strength of the beads was studied. The bioactivity of the IBACFBs was evaluated through degradation of aniline from synthetic wastewater. The effects of activated carbon and activated carbon fiber in the biological beads were compared. The long-term performance of IBACFBs was also studied by recycling batch tests. The results showed that the IBACFBs prepared by a freezing-thawing procedure using Ca（ NO3 ）2 as solidifying agent had the highest mechanical strength and bioactivity. These beads exhibited a very high removal efficiency of 98.4% for aniline; and its concentration decreased remarkably from 526 mg·L^ -1 to 9.6 mg·L^ -1 within 46 h, under the optimal conditions. Due to its special pore structure and large surface area, Activated Carbon Fiber （ACF） enhanced the bioactivity of the immobilized beads better than Activated Carbon （AC）. The excellent mechanical strength and high bioactivity of IBACFBs for the aniline degradation were confirmed through a long-term recycling batch test, in which the removal efficiency did not decrease; on the contrary, it increased gradually as the process continued. As a result, the aniline concentration was reduced significantly from 513.7 mg·L^ -1 to 7.6 mg·L^ -1 within 30 h. The degradation efficiency could be as high as 98.5%.

关 键 词：固定化生物活性炭纤维小球(IBACFBs) 苯胺 生化降解 聚乙烯醇 海藻酸钙 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]