海南北黎湾和后水湾湿地水鸟的季节动态、物种丰富度和种间相关性  

Waterbirds diversity,seasonal dynamics,and interspecific correlation in the wetlands of Beili and Houshui Bays,Hainan

作　　者：杨灿朝[1,2] 蔡燕[1] 梁伟[1] 张国钢[3] 史海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学生命科学学院,海口571158 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [3]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《生物多样性》2009年第3期226-232,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：中山大学有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLBC0704);国家林业局保护司黑脸琵鹭保护专项和世界自然基金会(WWF)中国野生动物保护小额基金项目(CN0861.01)

摘　　要：2004年11月至2005年11月,采用逐月定点统计的方法,对海南北黎湾和后水湾两个湿地黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)的越冬种群和水鸟的季节动态进行了调查。共记录到水鸟50种,隶属于5目10科,首次发现海南新记录种半蹼鹬(Limnodromus semipalmatus)。两地水鸟种类和数量的最高峰均发生在11月,最低谷在次年6月,与湿地水鸟的全年变化相关。黑脸琵鹭的越冬种群最早到达海南为9月,离开时间为次年4月,数量最高峰在北黎湾为12月(75只),在后水湾为1月和2月(9只)。北黎湾水鸟的Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和最大多样性值均大于后水湾,湿地面积大小及其生境的多样性是两地水鸟丰富度差异的主要原因,而人为干扰强度可能是影响黑脸琵鹭对两地越冬地利用的重要因素。研究表明,北黎湾和后水湾是许多水鸟,尤其是黑脸琵鹭在海南的重要越冬地,需进一步加强监测和保护。We conducted monthly waterbird surveys using random transects in Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan Island from November 2004 to November 2005. Fifty waterbird species of 5 orders and 10 families were recorded. The waterbird species richness and abundance were the highest in November and the lowest in June. The abundance of waterbirds was correlated among species and affected seasonal dynamics and species richness. Asian dowitcher （Limnodromus semipalmatus） was recorded for the first time in Hainan Island. The endangered black-faced spoonbill （Platalea minor） occurred at the study sites from September to April. The highest number （75） of this species was observed in Beili Bay in December while the largest flock （9 individuals） was present in Houshui Bay in January and February. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were higher in Beili Bay than in Houshui Bay. Differences in area and habitat heterogeneity between the two sites probably affected observed variation of waterbird community structure. Human disturbance might be an important factor altering wintering habitat of black-faced spoonbill. The results suggest that Beili and Houshui Bays are important wintering site of many waterbirds, particularly black-faced spoonbill; long-term monitoring and conservation programs should be considered.

关 键 词：水鸟 物种丰富度 季节动态 黑脸琵鹭 北黎湾 后水湾 海南 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]