应用微卫星标记分析23个中国地方马种的遗传多样性  

Genetic diversity of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds revealed by microsatellite markers

作　　者：凌英会[1,2] 成月娇[1,2,3] 王艳萍[1,2,3] 关伟军[1,2] 韩建林[1,2] 傅宝玲[1,2] 赵倩君[1,2] 何晓红[1,2] 浦亚斌[1,2] 马月辉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [2]农业部畜禽遗传资源与利用重点实验室,北京100193 [3]山西农业大学动物科技学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《生物多样性》2009年第3期240-247,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑(2006BAD13B08);科技部科技资源平台(2005DKA21101)

摘　　要：为了调查中国马种的群体遗传分化与遗传结构状况,本研究应用FAO和ISAG推荐的25对微卫星引物,结合荧光标记PCR分析技术,对中国23个马群体和1个英纯血马群体进行了分子遗传学研究。结果表明:中国地方马群体的遗传多样性比较丰富,23个中国马群体的等位基因数、多态信息含量和遗传杂合度等都高于英国纯血马。根据群体遗传距离构建的系统进化树,能够清晰地将英纯血马从中国马中独立出来,同时可将中国马群体分成不同的支,基本上与其地理分布格局相符。我们用MVSP软件进行群体遗传分化分析可见,前三个主成分的三维散点图可以明显地把英纯血马从所有群体中独立出来,并把中国的马群体分成几个相对独立的支。进一步分析第一、二主成分的二维散点图,可将中国的马群体分化成南方支系、藏马支系、新疆和青海支系、内蒙古支系及东北支系等5个部分。根据Structure软件分析,推测中国马群体含有5个潜在的支系,基本上代表了我国现在主要家马来源的基础遗传支系。这些信息可以为我国现有马种类型的划分与马种资源遗传多样性的保护提供科学依据。In order to investigate the genetic differentiation, we studied the genetic structure and genetic variation of 23 Chinese indigenous horse breeds and one thoroughbred horse population using 25 microsatellite markers. The number of alleles, polymorphism information content （PIC） and heterozygosity showed that genetic diversity in Chinese horses was higher than the thoroughbred horse. Neighbour-joining （N J） dendrogram clustered Chinese horse populations and the thoroughbred horse into different groups. Furthermore, Chinese horse populations were grouped into several different phylogenetic clusters which corresponded to the geographic regions. Cluster analysis was performed by the Multivariate Statistical Package （MVSP）, demonstrating that thoroughbred horse was discriminated from all the studied populations based on the three-dimensional scatter plot for the first three factors. Two-dimensional scatter plot for the first two principal factors divided Chinese horse populations into five groups： southern China, Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China. Genetic structure revealed by the software package Structure 2.2 displayed five potential elementary genetic groups in Chinese modern horses.

关 键 词：马 遗传变异 遗传分化 群体结构 

分 类 号：Q953[生物学—动物学]