红壤坡地不同覆被类型地表径流对降水特征的响应  

The Relationship between Rainfall and Surface Runoff on Sloping Land with Different Land Cover Types in Red-Soil Hilly Region

作　　者：田日昌[1,2] 陈洪松[1] 王克林[1] 谢小立[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125 [2]中山市环境保护科学研究所,广东中山528403

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2009年第6期1058-1068,共11页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-441);中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目(01200220055413);中国科学院院长奖获得者科研启动专项资金项目

摘　　要：采用合理的土地利用方式是红壤丘陵区防治洪涝灾害和季节性干旱的重要措施。利用方差分析、回归分析和偏相关分析等统计方法，对红壤坡地7种覆被类型1998～2005年降水特征值和地表径流的关系进行了研究，结果表明：不同覆被类型地表径流系数差异显著，大小排序为农作区〉茶园区〉湿地松与甜柿园〉柑橘园〉退化区与恢复区；除茶园外，其他覆被类型径流系数不同水文年有明显差异，且丰水年〉平水年、枯水年；平均雨强、最大60min雨强与径流量都无显著相关性，但农作区径流值与小雨呈显著相关，其他覆被类型径流值与中雨呈显著相关；10—30cm土壤前期含水量与径流量有较明显正相关关系，40cm以下土壤水对径流量影响很小，恢复区、甜柿园、柑橘园受前期降水的影响相对较大。It is important to choose suitable land cover modes for flood and seasonal drought prevention in red-soil hilly region. Using ANOVA, regression analysis and partial correlation, the relationship between rainfall and runoff on different land cover types in red soil hilly region was analysed during 1998 - 2005. The results showed that surface runoff ratios differed significantly under different land use types, the order was： farmland 〉 tea plantation 〉 slash pine and persimmon plantation 〉 orange garden 〉 natural degradation and natural recuperation. Except tea plantation, runoff on sloping lands with other covers was significantly different among various hydrological years, and it was higher in rainy years than that in normal and drought years. Both average rainfall intensity and maximum 60min rainfall intensity had no significant correlation with runoff. However, runoff on farmland had significant correlation with light rain, and it had significant correlation with moderate rain on sloping land with other covers. Antecedent soil moisture in the surface layer （0 -30 cm） had a more significant positive correlation with runoff than that in other layers. Antecedent rainfall had a more important effect on runoff on persimmon plantation, natural recuperation and orange gardens than other land cover types.

关 键 词：红壤 坡地 不同覆被类型 降水 径流 回归分析 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]