中国农业社会功能的演变及其解析  

Exploring Social Roles Generated by Chinese Agriculture and Its Evolvement

作　　者：吕耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《资源科学》2009年第6期950-955,共6页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目:"我国农业多功能性的识别;评价及政策含意研究"(编号:70273046)

摘　　要：农业是社会存在与发展的基础、是人类文明积淀的基础。我国传统农业一方面为统治阶级的政权稳固提供了物质基础;另一方面,它在维持社会经济、解决农民就业、保障食物安全、维护社会安定以及军事等方面发挥了重要作用。在由传统农业向现代农业过渡的阶段,我国农业在解决农民就业及提供家庭收入、社会福利替代、保障食物安全、推进工业化与城市化进程等方面的作用非常突出。经济发展使农业在国民经济中的地位相对下降,但农业的社会功能依旧非常重要。解决农民就业、农村社会安定以及农民社会福利替代等问题将主要依靠农业社会功能的发挥。因此,解读农业的社会功能对新时期我国农村健康发展以及由非贸易关注引发的农业保护问题均具有现实意义。In addtion to its basic function as providing primary production, agriculture also plays an important role in economic development, cultural inheritance, ecosystem preservation, social stability and other apsects,. Multi-functional agriculture varies in order to meet different demands from different stratums in different periods. In terms of social functions, agriculture is always the foundation for social development, as well as for the accumulation of human civilization. In this article, we aim to explore the social roles of agriculture and its evolvement. The dominant role of traditional agriculture in China is stabilizing the regime. Firstly, traditional agricultural economy is a substantial part of social economy. To specify, good agricultural production facilitates economic development, while inefficient agriculture restricts the economy. Secondly, traditional agriculture is of extreme significance to food security and social stabilization. Thirdly, traditional agriculture sustains military industries by providing military supplies （provision, food and war horses etc.）. In the transitional process of from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, social functions of agriculture are identified as follows： providing farmers with employment and household income, promoting the harmonious developement of rural and urban areas, stabilizing society, substituting social welfare, ensuing food supply and supporting industrialization or urbanization etc. The connotation of social roles of agriculture is enriched and becomes more important in context of globalization, although the economic roles of agriculture weaken with the development of economy. Increasing farmers＇ income and developing rural economy are two key goals for both central and local governments. However, these two goals are very difficult achieve due to two reasons： 1） agriculture greatly contributes to economic development, especially to industry and urban area; 2） food security for the increasing population is regarded as the most i

关 键 词：农业 社会功能 农村发展 非贸易关注 

分 类 号：F320[经济管理—产业经济]