塔里木河下游荒漠-绿洲过渡带植物群落分布及其环境解释  

Spatial Distribution of Vegetation Community and Environmental Interpretations in Desert-oasis Ecotone in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River

作　　者：王振锡[1] 潘存德[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2009年第3期449-458,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC01A03-2);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(200733144-4)

摘　　要：为探讨生境对荒漠-绿洲过渡带植物群落分布格局的影响，在对塔里木河下游铁干里克绿洲边缘至英苏荒漠-绿洲过渡带进行典型植物群落样地调查的基础上，选取19个环境指标刻画植物群落的土壤、水分和空间位置特征，采用双向指示种分析（wm姻PAN）划分植物群落类型，利用除趋势典范对应分析（OCCA）分析不同植物群落分布格局与环境的关系，并对环境空间变量进行定量分离。结果表明：（1）塔里木河下游荒漠-绿洲过渡带植物群落可以划分为4个类型：（2）0—180cm的土层是与植被群落分布相关紧密的土壤层次。为开展植被群落格局与环境因子关系研究的关键层次；（3）过渡带以水盐耦合为主导的环境梯度对植物群落分布格局起主导作用，其中影响显著的环境因子是以电导率、Cl-为代表的土壤盐分因子和土壤养分中的速效K；（4）环境因子总共解释了塔里木河下游荒漠-绿洲过渡带植被分布格局变异的52．08％，其中土壤盐分因子、土壤养分因子、水分因子、空间因子和四者的交互作用分别解释了16．589％、11．104％、9．940％、7．148％和7．247％。在对过渡带的恢复与重建过程中，应采取分区治理，重点考虑土壤盐分因子，保持水盐动态平衡，防止土壤盐渍化的发生。This paper explores the relationship between environmental factors and vegetation community patterns. In 42 typical sample plots in desert - oasis ecotone in the lower reaches of Tarim River, 19 variables were used as indicators of soil characteristics, water and spatial factors. Plant community types were analyzed by TWINSPAN method. The relationship between the distribution pattern of plant communities and environmental factors was identified by DCCA. The influence of soil salinity, soil nutrient, water and spatial factors and their interaction on file valiadon of community distribution patterns was quantitatively separated by Partial CCA. The results showed that： （ 1 ） The plant communities in this region can be divided into 4 types; （2）The 0 - 180 em soft layer was closely related with plant community distribution patterns in desert-oasis ecotone; （3）The environmental gradient of coupling relationship between water and salt played the most important role in the forming of community distribution pattern or species abundances variation in the communities. The conductivity and Cl- in soil salt variables and available K in soil nutrient variables were the significant factors in all environmental factors; （4）The total contribution rates of the environmental factors were 52.08%, the contribution rotes of soil salt faetom, soil nutrient factors, water factors and special factors were 16.589%, 11. 104% ,9.940%, 7. 148 % and 7. 247 %, respectively. From a management standpoint, it is most important to adopt corresponding ways according to the difference of soil salt in different legion, and keep dynamic balance of water and salt in the process of restoration of damaged ecosystem in desert - oasis ecotone in the lower reaches of Tarim River.

关 键 词：荒漠-绿洲过渡带 植物群落分布 环境解释 DCCA排序 

分 类 号：S71[农业科学—林学]