戴维森是典型的实在论者吗？  

Is Davidson a Classic Realist?

作　　者：梁义民[1] 

机构地区：[1]湛江师范学院法政学院副教授、哲学博士,湛江524048

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2009年第6期49-55,共7页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学“十一五”规划学科共建项目《批判性思维与非形式逻辑》(06GC-03);湛江师范学院博士专项研究项目《戴维森意义理论研究》(ZW0703)

摘　　要：实在论和反实在论之争实质上是意义理论和真之理论之争。从对以戴维森和达米特的意义理论之争为蓝本的这场争论的考察中,我们发现,戴维森既不是达米特所说那种典型的实在论者,也不是罗蒂所说的那种典型的实用论者,而是一个"人性化"的实在论者和反实用论者。戴维森拒绝达米特意义上的实在论和反实在论,认为前者是不可理解的,后者不仅可能失去"真",而且要牺牲真与意义的联系、真与信念的联系这两种强烈的直觉。其绝对的真之理论和三元组式的解释理论,使真既具有客观性,又体现了它与理性动物的态度、信念及其主体间相互理解和交流的密切联系。这种思想既拒斥了怀疑论的诘难,又克服了实在论与反实在论的困境,具有明显的理论优势和说服力。Disputes between realism and anti-realism are disputes for theories of meaning and ones of truth essentially.From checking on the disputes based on disputes between Davidson's theory of meaning and Dummett's theory of meaning,we find that Davidson belongs neither to typical realists called by Dummett,nor to typical pragmatists said by Rorty,but is a 'humanized' realist and anti-pragmatist.Davidson rejects realism and anti-realism in the sense of Dummett,holding that the former view is incomprehensible,and according to the later one,not only 'truth' can be lost,but also the two strong intuitions,the connection of truth with meaning and the connection of truth with belief,would have to be sacrificed.His theory of radical truth and interpretation ternary theory of interpretation enable truth to have objectiveness,and employ close connection of it with mutual understanding and interchange among subjects and attitudes,beliefs of rational animals as well.This thought has not only rebuked censures from skepticism,but also overcome predicaments of realism and anti-realism.It has obvious theory superiority and convincingness.

关 键 词：实在论 反实在论 意义理论 真 实在论者 反实在论者 戴维森 达米特 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]