温光生态效应对春玉米物质生产的影响  

Effect of temperature and solar ecological factors on spring maize production

作　　者：戴明宏[1,2] 单成钢 王璞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193 [2]北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心,北京100097 [3]山东农业科学院中草药核技术与航天育种研究中心,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2009年第3期35-41,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家“863”计划项目(2006AA100202);玉米行业科技项目(nyhy2x07-003-0x)

摘　　要：为进一步优化北京地区的春玉米生产,通过设计不同的播期,研究了不同温光生态条件与玉米物质生产的关系。结果表明,当播期从4月底推迟至5月底时:春玉米平均增产17.6%,穗粒数增加了15.4%,而千粒重增加4.3%;玉米灌浆中期(吐丝后16—45 d)和后期(吐丝后46 d—成熟)的光温状况得到明显的改善,主要表现在日均光辐射强度得到一定程度的提高(3.6%和10%),日均温明显下降(1.7和4.3℃),日均温差则明显增加(4.3和3.1℃)。相关分析表明,灌浆中后期日辐射量以及日温差的增大是推迟播期后春玉米增产的主要气候因素。灌浆中后期日均温的降低和日温差的增大,在一定程度上延长了春玉米的绿叶持续期,同时有利于加强后期的光合势,主要表现在成熟期LAI的增大。另外,推迟播期后,大喇叭口期至乳熟期干物质积累速率的增加与穗粒数有着密切的关系,而前者的增加主要得益于营养生长期相对较高的日均温。The relationship between temperature-solar condition and maize growth was studied by designing different sowing dates. Results showed that the grain yield of spring maize could be enhanced 17.6% by delaying sowing date from the end of April to the end of May. For the yield components, the advantage of sowing at the end of May was mainly observed for kernel number, which increased about 15.4%. Improvement of temperature and solar condition during middle-late grain-filling period is the main reason for yield increase. The growth rate of spring maize during the 12 unfolded leaves to the milk stages had a close relationship with kernel number, while increasing crop growth rate mainly benefited from increasing mean temperature during the vegetative phase. Increasing differences in daily temperatures during middle-late grain-filling period prolonged the green-leaf duration and enhanced photosynthetic potential when sowing date was delayed as indicated from the increased leaf area index at maturity.

关 键 词：华北平原 春玉米 播期 生态效应 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]