京郊果园种植几种优质果园草覆盖越冬技术研究  

Study on the cover technology for the overwintering of high-quality orchard grasses in Beijing

作　　者：俞立恒[1,2] 毛培春[2] 孟林[2] 张国芳[2] 刘永财[1] 李阳春[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]北京市农林科学院北京草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097

出　　处：《草业科学》2009年第6期166-171,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：北京市农业科技项目(20070625)

摘　　要：针对白三叶Trifolium repens、杂三叶T.hybridum、鸭茅Dactylis glomerata、百脉根Lotus cornicula-tus等几种优质果园草在京郊果园难以安全越冬的问题。试验采用覆膜、覆草、浅覆土3种覆盖越冬技术对果园草进行覆盖越冬效果的比较研究。结果表明,覆膜、覆草、浅覆土3种覆盖技术较对照均能显著提早各果园草品种的返青时间,显著提高越冬率和覆盖度。覆膜区的果园草品种较浅覆土和对照区分别提早返青13和20 d以上,越冬率平均分别提高21.8%和60.8%,返青生长到4月1日时草群覆盖度分别提高41%和51.3%,而覆草区的果园草品种较浅覆土和对照区分别提早返青4和8 d以上,越冬率平均分别提高16%和45.3%,返青生长到4月1日时草群覆盖度分别提高14%和22.7%。几种果园草品种覆盖越冬效果的具体表现为覆膜>覆草>浅覆土>对照,但在具体实施中虽覆膜是一种效果最为明显的果园草品种覆盖技术,而覆草技术(干草535 g/m2、厚度约5 cm)更为环保、经济、实用。In order to resolve the overwintering problem of the several high-quality orchard grasses, such as Tri folium repens , T. hybridum, Lotus corniculatus and Dactylis glomerata , the cover tech- niques were studied in the suburbs of Beijing by using three cover treatments （mulching, straw cover, shallow soil cover）. The results showed that three treatments were effective for the orchard grass regreening and significantly increased the overwintering percentage. The turning green period of orchard grasses under mulching treatment was 13 and 20 days earlier than shallow soil cover treatment and the control respectively and the average overwintering percentage was increased by 21.8% and 60. 8%, and the vegetation coverage on 1st April was increased by 41% and 51.3% respectively. The regreening period of grasses under straw covering was 4 and 8 days earlier than shallow soil cover treatment and the control respectively and the average overwintering percentage was increased by 16% and 45.3% respectively, meanwhile, the coverage on 1st April was increased by 14% and 22.7% respectively. Mulching treatment was the best for overwintering, but the straw cover treatment （535 g/m2, 5 cm layer） was better in terms of environmental protection, cost and practice.

关 键 词：果园草 返青 越冬率 覆盖技术 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学] S688.4[农业科学—园艺学]