丹参开花与繁育特性研究  

Studies of the Floral Biology,Breeding Characters of Salvia miltiorrhiza

作　　者：宋振巧[1] 王建华[1] 王洪刚[1] 赵夫娟[1] 郝力武[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《园艺学报》2009年第6期905-910,共6页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目[2007]217-12

摘　　要：通过田间观察和人工授粉等方法,对丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.)的开花生物学和繁育特性进行了初步研究。结果表明:丹参为无限开花植物,总状花序上通常有两性花近50朵,单花花期5～7d,从花前2d到开花6h花粉活力和柱头可授性都较大,两者有效可遇期约为1.5d,可同花自交;丹参自交结实和自然结实主要是通过同株异花传粉获得;结合花粉/胚珠比、杂交指数以及繁育处理的结果认为,丹参不存在无融合生殖,繁育类型为兼性异交,自交亲和,需要传粉者;传粉媒介主要是蜂类。初步推断丹参为常异花授粉植物,并对丹参育种中适宜采用的杂交方法及育种途径进行了探讨。Field observations and artificial pollination experiments were conducted on the floral biology, pollination process and breeding characters of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The flowers were bisexual and never-ending, with fifty in a raceme. The blossom of a single flower could last approximately 5 - 7 days. Pollination peak last from 2 days before blossom to 6 hours after blossom, and the higher stigma receptive stage was the same time. Self-pollination was possible by temporal and spatial superposition of male and female organs for 2 days within the same flower. Seed set percentage of autogamous selfing in isolation without emasculation condition and geitonogamous selfing mainly pollinated through different flower in one plant The results indicated that no apomixis occurred, the breeding system was outcrossing with self-compatibility and pollinators were needed based on the pollen-ovule ratio （P/O） , out-crossing index and the results of emasculation, bagging and artificial pollination studies. The most frequent floral visitors were bees. It was inferred elementary that S. miltiorrhiza belong to often cross-pollinated plant. The crossing method and breeding strategy were discussed.

关 键 词：丹参 传粉生物学 繁育 访花昆虫 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]