传统与变迁:透视中国的“家庭妇女”  

The Family and Transitional China:Focus on "Housewives"

作　　者：刘爽[1] 马妍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2009年第3期31-36,共6页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：国家教育部人文社科基金人口学重点研究基地重大研究项目"中国人口转变道路的理论研究"成果的一部分(项目号:05JJD840146)

摘　　要：本文利用20世纪80年代以来中国历次人口普查和大型人口抽样调查数据,对"家庭妇女"、即专门"料理家务"的女性群体的数量变化及其主要特征进行了统计分析。指出":料理家务"至今仍是中国部分女性的生存和生活方式;男女两性"料理家务"者有着本质不同、呈现两极分化状态;伴随着社会变迁,中国的"家庭妇女"群体也在更新换代,有越来越多的高学历女性加入到这一行列中来";料理家务"女性的城乡差异显著,但都属于社会的弱势群体。"家庭妇女"在当今中国社会是一个数量十分庞大的社会阶层,每七个成年女性中就有一人是"家庭妇女"。她们的生存与生活状态,直接影响着家庭、子女和社会,其特征和角色定位的变化折射着中国的社会变迁。Using the data of every census and population survey in China since 1980, this paper undertakes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the changes in the number and main characteristics of Chinese “housewives”. We fred that, firstly, “household management” is still an important part of living and the lives of Chinese women. Secondly, compared with househusbands, housewives show fundamental differences and form two extremes with respect to “household management”. Thirdly, the group of “housewives” has seen changes in its formation with more and more highly educated women joining its ranks. Fourthly, there are differences between the urban and rural housewives, both of whom are, however, vulnerable groups in society. We suggest that “housewives” are still a huge social group and one of the important parts of the female population as one in every seven adult women is a “housewife” in China today. Their existence and living conditions directly influence their families, children and the society as a whole. Their characteristics and definition of their roles also reflect changes in Chinese families and society.

关 键 词：“家庭妇女” “料理家务” 弱势群体 社会变迁 

分 类 号：C92-05[社会学—人口学]