滴灌条件下盐分对棉花养分及盐离子吸收的影响  

Effects of soil salinity on nutrients and ions uptake in cotton with drip irrigation under film

作　　者：龚江[1] 吕宁[2] 茹思博[1] 侯振安[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学资源与环境科学系,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2009年第3期670-676,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30460062);石河子大学骨干教师自主基金(NX02002)资助

摘　　要：在温室条件下,通过盆栽试验研究了滴灌条件下不同土壤盐度对棉花养分、盐离子吸收的影响。结果表明,棉花于物质生产受土壤盐分影响显著,高盐度条件下棉花生育进程滞后,生殖生长与营养生长不协调,造成脱落率增加,经济产量下降。土壤盐度显著影响棉花对N、P和K养分的吸收和分配;N、P和K的积累总量以及在子棉和铃壳中的吸收量随土壤盐度增加显著降低,而茎秆和叶片受影响较小。棉花植株体内的盐分离子(Ca^(2+)、Na^+与Cl^-)含量随土壤盐度的增加显著增加;吸收的盐分离子主要积累在茎叶,尤其以叶片中的盐分离子含量为最高,而子棉的盐分离子含量较少。Soil salinity is an important limiting factor for agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions. The underfilm drip irrigation has gained widespread popularity as an efficient and economically viable irrigation method for increasing water use efficiency and reducing the adverse effects of salinity on plant growth and yield. A pot experiment was earfled out to investigate effects of soil salinity on nutrients and ions uptake in cotton under greenhouse conditions. Cotton was grown in plastic containers （height 54 cm, diameter 48 cm） filled with a loamy soil. Three soil salinity （EC1：5） levels were set as 0.32, 1.12 and 1.90 dS/m（namely El, EC2, EC3, respectively）. A drip irrigation system was used for water application. Dry matter accumulation of cotton was influenced significantly by soil salinity. Under higher salinity condition （ECI：5 = 1.90 dS/m）, Vegetative and reproductive growth of cotton were incoordinate and development was delayed. Shedding and seed cotton yield were decreased with salinity increase. Accumulations and distributions of N, P and K in cotton plant were affected by soil salinity. Accumulations of N, P and K in boll were markedly reduced by soil salinity, but there were no significant difference in leaf and stem among three treatments. With soil salinity increasing, content of Ca^2 ＋, Na^ ＋ and Cl^- in cotton plant were increased. Ca^2＋ , Na^ ＋ and Cl^- were mainly accumulated in leaf and stem, but there were very low in seed cotton.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 棉花 土壤盐分 养分 盐离子 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]