沙质荒漠化的遥感监测与评估──以中国北方沙质荒漠化区内的实践为例  

REMOTE SENSING MONITORING AND ASSESSIN SANDY DESERTIFICATION: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE SANDY DESERTIFICATION REGION OF NORTHERN CHINA

作　　者：王涛[1] 吴薇[1] 王熙章[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《第四纪研究》1998年第2期108-118,共11页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家"八五"科技攻关!85-724-01-08;日本科学技术厅(STA)海外特别研究员资助

摘　　要：土地荒漠化已成为受其影响地区经济发展和环境保护的一个重要障碍，及时了解其过程、现状和发展趋势，对确定荒漠化防治的战略和措施均有重要意义。本文以我国北方沙质荒漠化为研究对象，对其开展了遥感监测和评估及其方法论的研究。结果表明，在沙质荒漠化土地程度分级和遥感监测判别指标体系确立后，采用合适的方法可以在短时间内完成大范围的动态监测，使对土地沙质荒漠化的定量评价成为可能。Desertification is one of most serious environmental and social-economic problem in the world, which has been suffering China for a long bine. Desertification brought about environmental deterioration and land degradation, and caused heavy losses of economy. Therefore, it is necessary to cap out binely remote sensing monitoring and assessing desenification to study its mechanism and process of development and to understand its situation and trend, and to provide scientific basis for the state govermment in developing the national programs for combating desertification. In this paper, we took sandy desertification in northern China as an object of study.According to research and practices for nearly 20 years, we consider that the sandy desertification is land degradation mainly caused by excessive human activities through wind erosion. Repeated monitoring is reqinred to establish the space and time variability of the sandy desertification parameters, and to idetify the regions at risk of severe desertification. Remote sensing has proven its potential for the environmental observation and has become a powerful tool in many fields as well as in sandy desertification monitoring. The main remotely-sensed dare for the research project were,a) black and white aerial photographs on 1: 50 000 scale during 1975～1977 and in 1985, and b) Landsat-MSS satellite images of 1975～1977, Landsat-TM satellite images of 1984～1988 and 1993～1994 generated by a combination of band 2, 3, 4or 3, 4, 5 on 1: 200 000 or 1: 250 000 scales. The studied region's topographical maps of if 50 000 and if 100 000 scales and background maps, such as the map of vegetation, soil, climatic, hydrology, geology, geomorphology etc. and the map of administrative area. land use, and the statistics such as population, livestock, products of agricultute and animal husbandry varied in years, and relevant reports were used as basic information source. Based on above materials, we have identified the dominant and associate processes of sandy desertificatio

关 键 词：沙质荒漠化 遥感 监测 评估 荒漠区 

分 类 号：P941.73[天文地球—自然地理学]