医务人员血源性职业暴露防护措施的应用研究  

Hematogenic Occupational Exposure and Protection Measures in Medical Staff

作　　者：张咏梅[1] 江智霞[1] 酒井顺子[2] 袁晓丽[1] 赵玲芳[1] 杨德芬[1] 黄仕明[1] 赵远莲[1] 王连红[1] 陈凌云[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院附属医院护理部,贵州遵义563003 [2]日本国际协力机构,北京100004

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2009年第11期1400-1402,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：贵州省国际科技合作重点项目(黔科合外G字[20064001011])

摘　　要：目的探讨避免医源性锐器伤发生的有效措施,预防血源性职业暴露引发医务人员感染的危险。方法采用回顾性问卷法,随机对23所医院医源性锐器伤发生、HIV/AIDS职业认知和标准预防依从性进行调查,并建立防护体系防止血源性职业暴露。结果23所医院锐器伤的发生率为64.07%,平均每年受伤2.81次/人,折断安瓿与安装针头、输液注射与拔针、重套针帽与分离注射器针头是发生锐器伤的主要环节,医务人员不同学历和不同职称的HIV/AIDS职业认知差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),护士标准预防依从性得分低,通过建立血源性职业防护体系的方法,提高医务人员的防护意识,减少锐器伤的发生。结论医源性锐器伤发生率高,职业暴露防护认知低,血源性职业防护体系的建立,有利于医务人员防护意识的提高,避免锐器伤引发血源性传播疾病。OBJECTIVE To investigate the effective measures which can avoid iatrogenic sharps injuries, and prevent the medical staff from the infectious risk of hematogenic occupational exposure. METHODS A retrospective questionnaire was investigated on the occurence of iatrogenic sharps injuries, occupational cognition of HIV/AIDS and standard precautions compliance for medical staff in 23 hosipitals of our Province, at the same time setting up hematogenic occupational protection system to prevent hematogenic occupational exposure. RESULTS The sharps injuries incidence rate of our Province was 64.07%, on average of 2.81 cases per person annually. The key links of sharps injuries happened included breaking ampoule and operating needles during or after transfusion and injection, recapping and separating injector needle after operation, different education background and different occupational knowledge about HIV/AIDS （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The standard precautions compliance in nurses had low score. Improving the medical staff protection consciousness and reducing the accidents of sharps injuries could be obtained by setting up hematogenic occupational protection system. CONCLUSIONS The iatrogenic sharps injuries incidence rate is high and occupational exposure undersdanding is low. Through setting ematogenic occupational protection system, which in favor of inproving medical staff protection awareness, the hematogenic disease caused by sharps injuries can be avoided.

关 键 词：锐器伤 血源性传播疾病 职业暴露 干预措施 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]