上海“0185”热带低压特大暴雨过程触发机制研究  

A research on the trigger of 0185 tropical depress rainstorm in Shanghai,eastern China

作　　者：舒颖[1] 王元[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中尺度灾害性天气教育部重点实验室,南京210093

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第3期343-356,共14页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40830958;40730948;90715031);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2009CB421502;2004CB418301);2005年博士点专项科研基金(20050284035);上海台风研究所开放课题(2008ST08)

摘　　要：2001年8月5日晚至6日晨,上海市境内发生了罕见的特大暴雨过程,其24 h降雨强度和1 h降雨强度均为上海市区50年来所未遇,此一事件简称上海"0185"特大暴雨过程.这次过程突发性和骤发性并存,特别是骤发性尤为突出.本文利用最新的日本20 km×20 km再分析格点资料,在总结验证前人研究的基础上,对这次特大暴雨过程进行天气学分析,得出结论:500 hPa高纬冷涡南压与低纬热带低压北上引致的高低纬冷暖空气交汇以及热带低压前的中尺度鞍型场与气流增速的共同作用是西太平洋副热带高压带断裂的主要原因;而冷暖气团在上海地区附近相遇产生的中尺度锋生现象则是上海"0185"强降水的触发机制.From the evening of 5 August to the morning of 6 August 2001, Shanghai had experienced an unusually heavy rainfall, and the 24-hour rainfall and the 1-hour rainfall in Shanghai urban are both the heaviest during last fifty years. Thus it is called ＂0185＂ rainstorm. It has features of both sudden and sudden onset, especially of the prominent sudden onset. In this paper, the latest Japanese 20 km× 20 km re-analysis gridded dataset is used for synoptic analysis of the heavy rainfall. Except for the combined action of mesoscale saddle field ahead of the tropical depress and the increasing of airflow rate, the intersection between cold air mass and warm air mass caused by 500 hPa high-latitude cold vortex moving southwards accompanied by the low latitude tropical depress moving northwards was the main reason leading to the fraction of the western Pacific subtropical high. In addition, the intersection between warm air and cold air near Shanghai led to the mesoscale frontogenesis, which triggered the ＂0185＂ heavy rainfall.

关 键 词：中尺度鞍型场 暴雨 热带低压 环流指数 中尺度锋生 飑线 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]