紫色土不同土地利用方式下降雨入渗试验研究  

Rain Infiltration Experiment Study Under Different Land Use Types of Purple Soil

作　　者：刘承[1,2] 王玉宽[1] 傅斌[1] 任熠[1,2] 杨金凤[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第3期20-23,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家973计划项目(2007CB407206);国家自然科学基金项目(40771123)

摘　　要：降雨入渗是坡面水文过程的重要环节。运用Norton型下喷式人工模拟降雨机,通过原位布置试验径流小区进行人工模拟降雨试验,探讨紫色土林地、草地和耕地的降雨入渗特征。结果表明,紫色土不同土地利用方式下降雨入渗过程差异显著。原状林地和原状草地的降雨入渗率随时间变化缓慢,耕地、处理林地和处理草地的降雨入渗率随时间变化剧烈。稳定入渗率在不同降雨强度下均呈现为原状林地>原状草地>耕地>处理草地>处理林地。对比不同土地利用方式下的入渗率差异并分析其原因,认为在土壤初始含水条件基本一致的情况下,影响紫色土原状林地和原状草地降雨入渗的主导因素是降雨强度和植被的水文功能,影响紫色土耕地、处理林地和处理草地降雨入渗的主导因素是降雨强度和土壤理化性质。Rainfall infiltration is important link of hydrology processes produced by natural rain on slope. This text uses Norton reverse jet artificial simulation of rainfall devices to investigate the rainfall infiltration feature of forestland and grassland on purple soil by simulated rainfall test on the in-situ runoff plot. The results showed that the rainfall infiltration features have significant difference among different land use types on purple soil. The rainfall infiltration of undisturbed forestland and undisturbed grassland changed slowly with time. The rainfall infiltration of farmland, treated forestland and treated grassland varied acutely with time. The stable infiltration rate were undisturbed forestland〉undisturbed grassland〉farmland〉treated grassland〉treated forestland under different rainfall intensity. Comparing the differences of rainfall filtration rate of various land use and analyzing the reasons for the differences, it was found that, under the same initial soil moisture condition, rainfall intensity and the hydrologic function of vegetation were the decisive factors that affected the rainfall infiltration rate of undisturbed forestland and undisturbed grassland of purple soil. Rainfall intensity and soil physical and chemical properties were decisive factors that affected the rainfall infiltration rate of farmland, treated forestland and treated grassland of purple soil.

关 键 词：紫色土 不同土地利用 模拟降雨 降雨入渗 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] F301.24[农业科学—农业基础科学]