旱塬冬小麦水分利用特征及对施肥的响应  

The Water Use Characteristics of Winter Wheat and Response to Fertilization on Dry-land of Loess Plateau

作　　者：戚龙海[1,2] 党廷辉[1] 陈璐[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2009年第3期105-109,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“973”计划项目(2005CB121102);中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-424-2)

摘　　要：为了揭示施肥对黄土高原旱地冬小麦水分利用效率(WUE)的影响,通过对不同施肥处理条件下水分利用效率相关指标的研究发现:增施氮肥降低了小麦生育前期的叶片WUE,而提高了小麦生育后期的叶片WUE,并显著提高了小麦的叶面积指数(LAI),而增施磷肥效果不明显。增施氮肥显著提高了小麦的生物量和产量,从而提高了相应的生物量WUE和产量WUE;增施磷肥对小麦的生物量和产量的提高有一定的促进作用,但对生物量WUE和产量WUE的提高不明显。生物量、产量、LAI和相应的生物量WUE、产量WUE都呈极显著正相关,说明通过施肥提高了小麦的LAI,进而提高了群体光合效率和干物质积累,从而提高了水分利用效率。The impact of fertilization on water use efficiency（WUE） of winter wheat on dry-land of Loess Plateau was researched through observing the factors about water use efficiency under different fertilization treatments. The results show that increasing nitrogen application decreased the leaf WUE in prior period of growing periods but increased it in later period and increased the LAI of wheat. There was no obvious impacts on leaf WUE and LAI by increasing the phosphate fertilizer. Increasing nitrogen application significantly increased WUE in level of biomass and yield by increasing biomass and field of wheat and more phosphate fertilizer application increased the biomass and yield but was no significant impacts on WUE in level of biomass and yield. Correlation analysis between biomass, yield, LAI and WUE were significantly correlated because of increasing the LAI of wheat by fertilizing and then increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of population and accumulation of dry matter and increasing the WUE finally.

关 键 词：水分利用效率 施肥 旱地 叶面积指数 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S147.2