苹果树体不同器官钙含量季节性变化研究  

Study on seasonal change of calcium concentration and accumulation in different organs of apple tree

作　　者：樊红柱[1,2] 同延安[1] 吕世华[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2009年第3期51-54,共4页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：农业部“948”重大引进项目(2003-Z53);PPI/PPIC资助项目

摘　　要：通过9年生红富士苹果树不同生育期的解析，对不同器官钙浓度与累积进行定量分析，初步探讨了苹果树钙吸收及分配季节性变化规律。结果表明，年周期内果实吸收钙素有两个时期，分别是幼果期与果实膨大期。生育前期新梢中钙浓度高于后期，而叶片相反。年周期内成龄器官（1年枝、2年枝、3～8年枝、树干、根系）中钙浓度有两个高峰，第一次高峰出现在生育前期，第二次高峰出现在收获时。同一生育期不同器官间钙累积量差异较大．地上部钙累积量总大于根系。根系从土壤中大量吸收钙出现在果实膨大期以后。年周期内树体钙累积可分3个时期，（Ⅰ）利用贮藏钙素期，（Ⅱ）钙素转化期，（Ⅲ）利用当年同化钙素期。综上所述，年周期内叶面喷施钙肥最佳期为幼果期和果实膨大期，土壤补钙最佳期为果实膨大期与收获后。9 year-old red ＂ Fuji＂ apple trees were used as materials in the experiment, which planted in field. Calcium content ration and accumulation in different organs of apple trees at different time were analyzed. The results showed that fruits uptake calcium had two stages, which were young fruit time and fruit expanding time respectively. Calcium concentration in shoots of early spring stage was higher than that of late growth. But calcium concentration in leaves was opposition with shoots. Calcium concentration of old - year organs had two peaks in a year, which included one - year branch, two - year branch, 3 - 8 - yaer branch, trunk and root. One peak was at early growth time, the other peak was at harvest time. In a year, calcium accumulation and storage of organs was diversity at same growth time. And calcium accumulation of the tree was higher in above ground than that in the roots. After fruit expanding period, apple tree absorbed plenty of calcium. In a year, calcium accumulation and storage of trees had three phases. One phase was apple tree depended on storage calcium, accumulated in tree organs last year. The other phase was apple tree utilized storage and uptake calcium. Last phase was apple tree consumed calcium, which absorbed from the soil. It was recommended that the best period time of spraying foliage calcium was young fruit and fruit expansion, and the best period time of fertilization was fruit expansion and after harvest time.

关 键 词：苹果树 钙含量 季节性变化 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S143.72[农业科学—园艺学]