基于同步辐射技术研究上海大气细颗粒物分布特征  

Characteristics of airborne fine particulate distribution in Shanghai based on synchrotron radiation techniques

作　　者：张元勋[1] 李晓林[1] 包良满[1] Iida A. 赵屹东[3] 张桂林[1] 李燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]Photon Factory,National Laboratory for High Energy Physics,Tsukuba [3]中国科学院北京高能物理研究所,北京100039

出　　处：《核技术》2009年第6期419-422,共4页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KJCX3.SYW.N3);国家自然科学基金项目(10775170);上海市教委科研重点项目(062219);北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室项目(VR-07004);日本光子工厂KEK项目(2007G504)资助

摘　　要：用同步辐射X射线荧光分析(SRXRF)测定了上海市大气中粒径0.03–10μm的13级颗粒物的元素组分,用X射线吸收近边谱(XANES)研究了颗粒物中S的化学价态。结果发现,在生活区和郊区,超细颗粒(<0.4μm)对粒子质量浓度贡献较大,而工业区则细颗粒(1–10μm)对质量浓度贡献较大。元素浓度测定表明,吴淞工业区大气颗粒物中S、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb元素浓度最高,且Ni、Mn、As和Pb等污染元素在细颗粒尤其是超细颗粒中有明显富集。化学价态测定显示,钢研所采样点不同粒径颗粒物中的S主要以硫酸盐形态存在,而在粒径<0.1μm超细颗粒中还存在着一些还原态的低价态S。Elemental contents in particulate matters of 13 sizes from 30 nm to 10000 nm were determined by using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SRXRF）. X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectra of S chemical speciation in the particulate matter samples were also measured. It was found that ultra-fine particles （ 〈 400 nm） had contributed more to the total mass concentration of the particulate matter in the resident area and suburb, while fine particles （1-10 μm） had contributed more in the industrial district. The results showed that the elemental concentration of particulate matter was highest in the Wusong industrial zone, and some polluted elements, such as Ni, Mn, As and Pb, had been obviously enriched in the fine particles and in the ultra-fine particles. The results of chemical speclation determination demonstrated that S existed mainly as sulfate in particles of different sizes, but some original states of S existed as low valences in the ultra-fine particles of 〈 100 nm in Wusong industrial zone.

关 键 词：同步辐射 X射线荧光分析 X射线吸收近边结构谱 大气颗粒物 元素浓度 化学价态 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]