退田还湖工程前后洞庭湖区湿地变化分析  

Analysis on Wetland Change before and behind Implementing the Project of Returning Farmland to Lake in Dongting Lake Region

作　　者：张怀清[1] 朱晓荣[1] 周金星[2] 崔明[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2009年第3期309-314,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑课题“湿地资源监测与评估技术研究(2006BAD23B03)”;国家“十一五”科技支撑课题“生态系统功能及其变化的遥感监测技术研发(2006BAC08B03)”

摘　　要：通过对洞庭湖区退田还湖工程实施前后(1996年、2004年)两期TM遥感影像分析,进行湿地变化及湿地演变规律研究。结果表明:1996—2004年,洞庭湖区湿地面积减少了3 753.99 km2,其中天然湿地面积减少了1 213.19km2,人工湿地减少了2 540.80 km2。围垦区湿地变化主要表现为人工湿地(水稻田)大面积减少,旱地面积大量增加,同时芦苇和林地面积增加。外湖区湿地变化主要表现为天然湿地的减少和林地面积的迅速增加,主要源于苔草滩地的减少,同时林地逐渐向泥滩地方向发展。退田还湖工程对湿地的减少具有一定的缓解作用,但仍存在一定区域内的围湖造田现象。从整体上来看,洞庭湖区的天然湿地仍处于退化状态。Wetland change and its succession rules were studied by analyzing the TM remote sensing images of two periods, 1996 and 2004, which are before and behind implementing the project of retuming farmland to lake. The result showed that the area of wetland in Dongting Lake region was heavily decreased by 3 753.99 km^2, in which natural wetland decreased by 1 213. 19 km^2 and conducted wetland decrease with 2 540.80 km^2. The wetland change in reclamation area presented that the area of constructed wetland （cropland） reduced in a large scale and dry land sharply increased, as well as the area of reed and forest increased. The wetland change in outer lake region presented that the area of natural wetland decreased, and the area of forest quickly increased by the reduction of the area of sedge land, as well as forest land continuously extended to mudflat. The project of returning farmland to lake released the reduction of wetland to same extends, but the phenomenon of reclaiming lake to farmland still happened in Dongting Lake region. Therefore, the whole wetland was still suffering form degradation.

关 键 词：退田还湖工程 洞庭湖 湿地 遥感监测 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]