中国大豆育成品种群体遗传结构分化和亚群特异性分析  

Analysis of Genetic Structure Differentiation of Released Soybean Cultivar Population and Specificity of Subpopulations in China

作　　者：张军[1,2] 赵团结[1] 盖钧镒[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学大豆研究所/国家大豆改良中心/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京210095 [2]滨州职业学院,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2009年第6期1901-1910,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB101708,2009CB118404);国家“863”项目(2006AA100104);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30490250,30671266);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD13B05-7);高等学校创新引智计划(B08025)

摘　　要：【目的】研究中国大豆育成品种总群体的遗传结构分化及其地理生态亚群和育成时期亚群的遗传多样性、特异性及其相互关系,为中国大豆育种主干亲本遴选提供遗传背景依据。【方法】从1923-2005年育成的1300个品种中抽选378份中国大豆育成品种组成代表性样本,选用大豆核基因组64个SSR标记,采用Structure Version2.2软件,进行群体遗传结构分析、亚群体分化分析和遗传多样性与遗传特异性分析。【结果】中国大豆育成品种群体由7类血缘组成,遗传上明显分化为不同的地理生态亚群和育成时期亚群,各有其不同的血缘构成特点;各地理生态亚群具有其特有、特缺和互补等位变异,体现了其遗传来源的相对生态特异性;随着品种育成时期的推进,不同时期有不同血缘的种质加入,各育成时期亚群具有其特有、特缺和互补等位变异,体现了育种发展的特点。中国大豆育成品种群体与中国地方品种群体、中国野生大豆群体相比,其遗传基础因源于有限祖先亲本数的瓶颈效应而相对狭窄;分省亚群中黑龙江、江苏亚群的等位变异数可以向其他亚群提供的补充等位变异数均依次最多,其亲本来源较宽、遗传基础较广。分时期亚群平均等位变异数随着时期的推移各亚群等位变异数增加,遗传多样性程度增高,近期育成品种的遗传基础宽于历史上前期育成的品种。【结论】研究结果证明中国大豆育成品种群体存在遗传结构上的地理生态分化和育成时期分化,因而各亚群具有相对遗传特异性,体现在血缘构成和特有、特缺及互补等位变异上,这构成了未来大豆育种中亚群间种质或基因交流的遗传基础。[Objective] The objective of the present study wast to explore the differentiation of genetic structure of the general population of released soybean cultivars in China and the genetic diversity, genetic specificity and genetic relationship of the geo-ecological subpopulations and released period subpopulations for serving the genetic improvement of soybeans in China with relevant genetic background information in selecting key parental materials from the population. [ Method ] A total of 64 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers scattered on the whole genome were used to analyze the differentiation of genetic structure of the population with a sample of 378 out of total 1 300 soybean eultivars released during 1923-2005 in China under the software Structure Version 2.2, to analyze the genetic differentiation of the population into geo-ecologieal subpopulations and released period subpopulations and to analyze the genetic diversity, specificity and relationship of the subpopulations. [Result] The Chinese soybean released cultivar population was composed of seven groups of germplasm and obviously differentiated into geo-ecological subpopulations and released period subpopulations with different composition of germplasm groups. Each geo-eeologieal subpopulation held its own specifically existent, deficient and complementary alleles, which reflected ecological specificity of its genetic source. Along with the advance of released period, new germplasm was introduced into the subpopulations, which made specifically existent, deficient and complementary alleles added to the subpopulations and, therefore, made the new subpopulations with their new specificity. In comparison with the Chinese wild soybean population and landrace population, the Chinese released cultivar population has relatively narrow genetic background due to the bottle-neck effect of a limited number of ancestors. Among the province subpopulations, the number of total alleles and that of complementary alleles in Heilongjiang and Jiangsu subpopulations

关 键 词：大豆育成品种群体 群体分化 遗传结构 遗传多样性 遗传特异性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]