南昌市城市生活垃圾无害化处理环境卫生调查  

INVESTIGATION ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE OF DOMESTIC REFUSE DISPOSAL SITES IN NANCHANG CITY

作　　者：彭国华[1] 朱晨光[1] 林莉[1] 游小红 白新民 柳小青[1] 薛琳[1] 夏文[1] 陈安涌 

机构地区：[1]江西南昌市疾病预防控制中心,南昌330006 [2]南昌县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2009年第12期2238-2241,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江西省卫生厅科技计划资助项目(20053216)

摘　　要：[目的]了解南昌市麦园垃圾处理场垃圾无害化处理效果。[方法]依据国家相关标准,对大气中的NH3、噪声、颗粒物及苍蝇密度进行监测,对渗滤液、周边自来水和垃圾样本进行微生物学指标和理化指标检测,并对垃圾样本进行蛔虫卵死亡率检测。[结果]场区空气环境总体良好,地下水质符合国家标准,垃圾渗滤液的检测结果远大于自来水的检测结果。所检垃圾样本菌落总数都偏高,夏季和冬季无害化处理后的垃圾样本菌落总数与对照组相比,结果均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.33,P﹤0.05;t=3.41,P﹤0.05);夏季垃圾样本菌落总数结果高于冬季结果,差异有统计学意义(t=5.33,P﹤0.05);夏季垃圾样本粪大肠菌值结果100%超过国家标准,冬季垃圾样本53.8%超过国家标准,两者比较有统计学意义(χ2=7.5,P﹤0.05);所检垃圾样本中有1份检出蛔虫卵,均已死亡(死亡率100%),3份检出沙门菌,均未检出志贺氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。所检垃圾样本砷、汞、铅、铬、镉超过了国家相关标准,夏季和冬季样本结果,除镉外其余4种重金属离子比较,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。[结论]该垃圾处理场垃圾处理无害化程度不高,对于城市环境以及人民健康具有潜在威胁,建议相关部门加大管理力度。[ Objective ] To investigate the effects of harmless-refuse-treatment of Maiyuan refuse disposal yard of Nanchang. [Methods] Aecording to the methods of government standard, NH3 and noise and particulate matter in atmosphere and fly density were detected; biological and physical chemistry indexes in the collected samples of refuse, leachate and tap water nearby were deteeted. Moreover, the mortality of asearis eggs in the collected samples of refuse were also tested. [ Results] Atmosphere environments showed to be good, the indexes of tap water were within the range of the national standards, the Leaehate was significantly higher than that of tap water. Aerobic bacterial counts of harmless treatment in summer and winter were significantly lower than that of control （t = 3.33, P 〈 0.05 ; t = 3.41, P 〈 0.05） ; and the results in Summer were significantly higher than that in winter （t = 5.33, P 〈 0.05）. Fecal eolititre results of refuses in summer and winter both signifieantly exeeed the national standard （100% and 53.8%）（χ^2 = 7.5, P 〈 0.05）. 100% of ascaris eggs were killed in one refuse sample, Salmonella was detected in three refuse samples, Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in all refuse. As, Hg, Pb, Cr and Cd of collected samples were exceed correlated government standard. The results of As, Hg, Pb and Cr of refuse between summer and winter were significantly different （P 〈 0.05）. [Conclusion] The treatment of refuse in the disposal yard did not meet the country standard of harmless-free treatment, and it is necessary to further enhance the management.

关 键 词：调查分析 环境卫生 无害化处理 南昌市 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]