从粮食危机反思拉美贸易和农业政策改革  

Reflections on Trade and Agricultural Policy Reforms in Latin America

作　　者：张勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所经济室

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2009年第3期35-41,共7页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：2006～2008年国际大宗粮食价格快速上涨最终酿成了一场世界范围内的粮食危机,期间美国次贷危机的全面爆发更增添了其复杂性。文章主要从供需失衡、投机活动、生物能源开发、发展中国家农业生产受到制约、市场垄断结构等方面分析危机发生的原因,同时阐述危机对拉美国家造成的负面影响:社会骚乱和政局动荡、通货膨胀攀升、赤贫人口增加、国际收支恶化,等等。拉美国家采取的紧急救助、价格控制等措施只在短期内缓解了危机程度,但并未真正解决粮食危机。对拉美国家而言,过去30多年贸易和农业发展中的政策偏差才是造成这种"富饶中的匮乏"现象的根源。因此,拉美国家应建立长期的农业发展战略,并通过集体行动纠正全球农业生产与贸易之间的系统性不平衡。The food crisis in 2008 was mainly resulted from the imbalance between supply and demand,market speculation,the development of bio-energy,the restrictions on agriculture in developing countries,monopolization in food market.It had inflicted a very negative impact on Latin American countries such as social unrest and political turmoil,the rising inflation,the increase of people living in absolute poverty,and the deterioration of balance of payments.The measures taken by the regional countries were effective in easing the crisis,but were not enough to resolve it.It is proved that it is necessary for the regional countries to establish a long-term agriculture development strategy and take collective actions to handle the systemic imbalance between agricultural production and trade in the world.

关 键 词：粮食危机 初级产品 拉美农业 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F323