富营养水体中3种沉水植物的生长竞争及其净化效果  

Growth,competition and purification effect of three submersed aquatic macrophytes in eutrophic water

作　　者：雷泽湘[1,2] 陈光荣[3,2] 谭镇[4] 李永胜[1] 刘正文[2,5] 

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院环境科学与工程系,广东广州510225 [2]暨南大学水生生物研究中心,广东广州510632 [3]广东建设职业技术学院机电工程系,广东广州510450 [4]惠州市环境科学研究所,广东惠州516001 [5]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第2期192-196,共5页Journal of Hubei University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家863计划(2002AA601011);广东省自然科学基金(8451022501000016)资助

摘　　要：研究苦草、黑藻和马来眼子菜3种沉水植物在太湖富营养化水体中的生长竞争状况及其对水体的净化效果.结果表明:3种沉水植物短期内可以在混合种群中共存,但竞争优势差别明显.黑藻具有在水中形成上位冠层、根系发达的特性,与苦草、马来眼子菜相比在占领水体上层空间、获取光照和吸收营养方面优势明显,表现出较强的竞争优势;马来眼子菜与苦草之间的竞争不明显,其占据水面面积大,获取光照多,苦草则主要占据水体下层空间,地下部分发达,混种时两者生物量相当.它们对水体中总氮、总磷和藻类叶绿素a的降低作用明显,单种时以黑藻对总氮、总磷的去除率最高,苦草对藻类叶绿素a的降低效果最好;混种时以苦草+黑藻组对总氮去除率最高,以苦草+黑藻+马来眼子菜组对总磷去除率最高.Growth, competition and purification effect of three submersed aquatic macrophytes （Vallisneria natans （ Lour. ） Hara, Hydrilla verticillata （ Linn. f. ） Royle and Potamogeton malaianus Miq. ） in eutrophic water area of Taihu Lake were studied. The results showed that three submersed aquatic macrophytes could coexist at the same time, but markedly different in advantage of competition. H. verticillata had advantage for space because formed an upper canopy which help to get more light and occupied the water surface, so it was the strongest Competitor. There was no distinct competition between V. natans and P. malaianus that P. malaianus occupied more water surface and obtained more light but V. natans grew better depending on the soil, and the biomass was similarly when they were planted mixed. The submersed macrophytes dropping TN, TP, and Chl. a of algae in the water were clearer. H. verticillata had the highest removal rates of TN and TP, and V. natans had the best effect of dropping Chl. a of algae when they were in the monoculture the combination 1（V. natan＋H, verticillata） had the highest removal rates of TN, and the combination 4（V. natans＋H, verticillata＋P, malaianu） had the highest removal rates of TP when they were planted in the same water district.

关 键 词：沉水植物 竞争 净化 富营养化 太湖 

分 类 号：S435.122.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] X52[农业科学—植物保护]