长期秸秆还田和有机肥施用对双季稻田冬春季杂草群落的影响  

The long-term effects of returning straw and applying organic fertilizer on weed communities in a paddy field with a double rice cropping system

作　　者：李昌新[1] 赵锋[1] 芮雯奕[1] 黄欠如 余喜初 张卫建[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学应用生态研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]江西省红壤生态研究所,江西进贤331717 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《草业学报》2009年第3期142-147,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院项目(082060302-19);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD15B02,2006BAD02A15)资助

摘　　要：借助双季稻田长期秸秆还田和有机肥施用的定位试验,于2007年对稻田冬季、春季杂草群落进行监测。结果发现,农田管理方式对双季稻田冬春季杂草群落影响显著,长期秸秆还田和有机肥施用显著降低杂草多样性。秸秆冬季覆盖还田显著降低稻田杂草密度和生物量,而长期施用猪粪则显著提高稻田冬春杂草密度和生物量。有机肥晚稻时期施用对杂草的促进效应显著高于早稻时期施用的,秸秆冬季覆盖还田对杂草的抑制效应显著高于夏季旋耕还田的。不同处理下冬春季稻田杂草均以日本看麦娘为优势种群,田间相对密度平均达90%以上,其次为稻槎菜和水竹叶等杂草。上述结果说明,秸秆还田和有机肥施用对冬闲田冬春季杂草群落的调控效应显著。In 2007, the results of a long-term fertilizer experiment were used to study the characteristics of weed communities in a paddy field, where crop straw was returned and organic fertilizer applied since 1985 （Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province）. Weed species biodiversity was significantly reduced under long-term straw return and organic fertilizer application. Long-term straw return through mulching reduced weed density and biomass,but they were increased during the field fallow by organic fertilizer application. The positive effects of organic fertilizer application on weed growth were greater in early planted rice plots than in late planted ones. The negative effects of straw return on weed growth were greater in winter with mulching after application than in summer when straw was mixed into the soil. Alopecurus japonicus was the dominant population with a relative density of more than 90% in all plots and the next common weed populations were Lapsana apogonoides and Aneilema keisate. This suggests that straw return and organic fertilizer application can effectively control weed communities in the paddy field during fallow.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 有机肥 稻田 杂草群落 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护] Q948.15[生物学—植物学]