热带对流活动日变化的模拟研究  

Simulation of the diurnal variation of the tropical convection

作　　者：平凡[1,2] 罗哲贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,南京210044 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《物理学报》2009年第6期4319-4327,共9页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(批准号:2006BAC12B01);国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:40333028);南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室基金(批准号:KLME060207)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：利用一个云分辨与海洋的耦合模式,模拟研究了热带对流活动的日变化.通过对模拟结果的分析,揭示了热带地区不同海温日变化条件下,对流活动的云物理特征.利用热带海洋与全球大气响应观测实验(TOGACOARE)的观测资料作为模式的初始与边界场,来驱动耦合模式.对热带海表温度按照其日变化幅度的大小进行了分类,分为强、弱海表温度日变化两种类型,并在此基础上进行了合成分析.结果表明:1)在弱的海表温度日变化下,云中的云冰含量大于云水含量,说明云中以层状云为主;而在强的海温日变化下,云中的云水含量大于云冰含量,说明云中以水云为主.2)强的海温日变化下,地面降水率在午后达到最大;而在弱的海表温度日变化下,地面降水率最大值出现在夜间.比较上述两者云的构成,发现其差别最大.3)比较两类(强、弱海表温度日变化)云物理过程的收支发现,在弱的海表温度日变化下水汽的凝华率远小于凝结率,更易形成冰云.The diurnal variation of the tropical convection is investigated using hourly outputs from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation. The features of cloud microphysics in tropical convections are proposed by the contrastive analysis of the simulation. The model is forced by the observational data obtained from tropical ocean global atmosphere coupled ocean- atmosphere response experiment as the initial and boundary fields. The diurnal composites are carried out in weak diurnal SST variations （case W） and strong diurnal SST signals （case S） according to the amplitude of diurnal SST variations. The simulation results show that the ice water path in case W is larger than the liquid water path in case S, and more water cloud and less ice cloud exist in case W than in case S. The results also show that the surface rain rates reach their peaks in the early afternoon in case S, while the surface rain rates reach their peaks in the night in case W. Further comparison of cloud microphysics budgets shows that the coagulation of precipitation ice （sum of snow and graupel） is less than the coagulation of liquid water （sum of cloud water and precipitation water） and ice cloud can be formed in case W.

关 键 词：热带对流日变化 地面降水率 云冰含量 云水含量 

分 类 号：P426.51[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]