汶川特大地震后安县疫情的地理流行病学分析方法  

Geographic Epidemiology Methods for Analysis of Disease Outbreaks in An County after Wenchuan Earthquake

作　　者：闫磊[1] 任玉环[2] 陈诚[3] 姚建义[4] 陈伟[5] 黄晓霞[2] 王世文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,北京100052 [2]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心,北京100052 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心应急办公室,北京100052 [5]四川省绵阳市安县疾病预防控制中心,安县622651

出　　处：《地球信息科学》2009年第3期349-354,共6页Geo-information Science

基　　金："艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治"科技重大专项(2008ZX10004-008;2008ZX10004-010)

摘　　要：在分析汶川特大地震后安县2008年5～7月份的流行病学数据的过程中,作者探索了安县震后疫情地理分布、疾病构成、易感人群及其时序变化等特征的地理流行病学方法,并给出了有关专题地图、过程曲线和统计表格。它们能够形象、直观、准确地反映安县震后的疫情态势地理分布,进而使防控工作有的放矢、对症下药,收到事半功倍的效果。在此基础上,作者分析了地理流行病学方法的固有优势、实施关键、应用模式,以及今后的防治方向。为确保震后疫情流行病学数据在空间性、时效性和完整性上的质量,今后对地理流行病学方法的研究,应该从目前的疫情现状描述层次,尽快地向疫情分析预测、防控决策支持等层次延伸。At 2：28 p. m. on 12 May, 2008, a devastating earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale hit Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province in southwest China, and resulted in death of thousands of people. The author went to An County that located close to Beichuan County as an emergency response team member of public health. Some geographic epidemiological methods were used to explore the geographic features and distribution of the diseases and high risk population in An County after Wenchuan earthquake. Thematic maps, curves and statistics tables were developed. The methods are tools to help public health workers to understand the sanitation situations after earthquakes visually, gradually and directly. According to the results mentioned above, the discussion on geo- graphic epidemiology methods has been carried out from different aspects, such as their inherent advantages, key points and modes of their implementation, and the direction of further study in the field. The important conclusions obtained are ： 1 ） the successful usage of the geographic epidemiology is relied on the quality of epidemiology data with positioning accuracy, the frequency of updating and completeness of content; 2） the targets of the study in the field must extend from the outbreak description to the forecasting of the outbreaks and decision making for their control and prevention as soon as possible; 3） dynamic method will be used in future studies to demonstrate real in situ circumstances on time; 4） decision support, early warning and forecasting will be the new outcome of the geographic epidemiology. It will be done in future studies.

关 键 词：安县 汶川地震 流行病学 地理信息系统 地理流行病学方法 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]