基于WebGIS的流域级洪水管理系统集成与应用  

Research on WebGIS Based Basin Flood Management System

作　　者：万洪涛[1] 程晓陶[1] 胡昌伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院防洪抗旱减灾研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《地球信息科学》2009年第3期363-369,共7页Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题"流域三维防汛决策支持软件系统开发"(2006BAC05B01);亚洲银行技援项目"松花江洪水管理系统"与国家自然科学基金创新研究群体基金项目(50721006)资助

摘　　要：流域级洪水管理系统指为流域机构服务的洪水管理系统,是基于计算机网络、地理信息系统、数据库技术,专业分析模型,采用人机交互方式,按照统一标准与规范建立的流域洪水管理平台。为洪水预报、预警、预案编制、应急调度、风险评价、洪水整治、决策会商提供先进技术手段。本文首先讨论了流域洪水管理系统的结构设计与数据库,然后,以松花江流域洪水管理系统为例,对系统功能与分析模型进行了讨论。功能模块包括基础信息管理、洪水监视预警、洪水预报调度、二维洪水仿真、灾情评估、防汛管理等功能模块;分析模型方面,建立了水文-水力学耦合模型、全流域洪水预报模型与洪水调度模型。该模型由基于MIKE NAM的全流域降雨径流模型与基于MIKE11 HD的嫩江、二松、松干河道一维水动力模型组成。此外,在哈尔滨等4个重点城市与两个蓄滞洪区构建了MIKE21的二维洪水模拟模型,在城市、蓄滞洪区与防洪重点保护区,建立了灾情影响分析模型等。最后,利用WebGIS技术对这些功能模块进行了集成,建立了功能齐全的松花江流域洪水管理系统。作为国内第一个流域级洪水管理系统,松花江流域洪水管理系统的设计与建设,对流域级洪水管理系统的研究进行了有益的探索。WebGIS based Basin Flood Management System is an advanced high technology based platform for supporting the large river conservancy commission in flood forecasting and warning, emergent operation of flood works, flood damage assessment, flood water utilization, and decision making for flood fighting. Based on Computer, internet and intranet, WebGIS, Datebase software, hydrological and hydraulic model, flood damage assessment mod- el, the WebGIS based Basin Flood Management System is designed and developed. In this paper, firstly the framework of the basin flood management system is discussed in detail, then the database structure and the hydrological and spatial data introduced. As a pilot project, Songhuajiang Basin Flood Management System is developed. Its function includes the basic flood information management, flood monitoring and warning, flood forecasting and works operation, 2D flood simulation, flood damage assessment, and flood fighting management. The analysis models include Songhua River Basin Flood Real-time Forecasting model, which consist of Basin Rainfall Runoff Simulation based on MIKE NAM and 1D River Network Hydrodynamic Simulation based on MIKE11 HD, and Flood Damage Evaluation Mathematical Model, 2D Flood Simulation Model based on MIKE 21 model in four important City and 2 Flood Detention Basin, and flood damage estimation model. As the first Basin Flood Management System in China, the issue and experience for design and development of Flood Management System is helpful for further researches.

关 键 词：洪水管理系统 WEBGIS 洪水预报调度 洪水仿真 灾情评估 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]