氮磷肥配施对夏玉米土壤含水量及水分利用效率的影响  

The Influence of Nitrogen Mixed with Phosphorus on Soil Water Content and Water Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

作　　者：杜红霞[1,2] 吴普特[3,2] 冯浩[3,2] 王百群[3] 马军勇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术中心,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2009年第3期12-15,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家863计划重点项目(2006AA100204);新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(01140602);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目

摘　　要：随土壤剖面深度的增加，土壤含水量逐渐降低，上层土壤含水量变幅大于下层。在同一氮肥水平下，夏玉米各生长期内0～50cm土层含水量呈施磷处理高于不施磷处理，50～110cm土层则反之。苗期-拔节-灌浆-收获期0～110cm土壤蓄水量呈升高-降低-升高趋势；苗期呈氮磷配施处理高于单施氮肥处理，其它生长期氮肥与磷肥水平为120kg／hm^2配施处理最高；表层50cm土层蓄水量均呈现氮磷配施处理高于单施氮肥处理，50～110cm、土层则反之。氮磷配施能显著提高产量及水分利用效率，二者均以配施磷肥120kg／hm^2处理最高；当施磷量超过120kg／hm^2后，产量和水分利用效率反而有下降趋势。Soil water content （SWC） decreased gradually with increasing of soil depth, and SWC in the topsoil had a larger variation range than that did in the subsoil. Under the applying same N fertilizer level, SWC of P fertilizer application （PFA） was more than that without PFA in 50 em topsoil during different growth periods, on the contrary, it below 50 cm topsoil. Under seedling, stem elongation, grouting, and harvest stages, there was an up-down-up fluctuation trend on soil water storage capacity （SWSC） in 0- 110 cm soil. SWSC of N mixed with P fertilizer application （NPFA） was more than that with N fertilizer application （NFA） during seedling stage; it peaked at N mixed with applying P in 120 kg/hm^2 level in other stages. SWSC of NPFA was more than that with NFA in 50 em topsoil, on the contrary, it below 50 cm topsoil. NPFA could improve sharply grain yield and water use efficiency （WUE） . The situation reached the summit at 120 kg/hm^2 of PFA; there was a decline trend of grain yield and WUE under the condition of over 120 kg/hm^2 PFA.

关 键 词：氮磷配施 土壤水分 土壤蓄水量 土壤耗水量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]