绿洲新垦沙地春玉米农田有限灌溉试验研究  

Limited Irrigation of Spring Maize in the Oasis New Sandy Land

作　　者：安飞虎[1] 张恒嘉[1,2,3] 李云 袁嘉钰 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院水利系,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所临泽内陆河流域综合研究站,兰州730000 [3]临泽县科技局,甘肃临泽734200 [4]临泽县水务局,甘肃临泽734200

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2009年第3期108-111,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40801044);甘肃省教育厅科研项目(022-07);甘肃省高等学校研究生导师科研计划项目(0602-05);临泽县玉米制种标准化示范及产业开发项目

摘　　要：在临泽绿洲耕作层保水能力较差的新垦沙地，开展了春玉米有限灌溉试验研究。结果表明，不同水分处理玉米0～20cm土层土壤含水量在玉米成熟期以前，以播前水分最高，拔节期达到次高点，灌浆期降至最低点，约为播前水分的39％。20～40cm和40～100cm土层土壤水分含量变化趋势基本一致，但与0～20cm土层有较大差异。在成熟期以前，土壤水分以播前最高，抽雄期达到次高点，灌浆期降至最低点，分别为播前土壤含水量的54％和73％左右；0～100cm土层全生育期土壤含水量变化趋势与40am以下土层基本相似，灌浆期降至最低点，约为播前含水量的55％。玉米的行粒数、稳粒重和千粒重，以对照处理CK为最高。在整个生育期内，植株株高WT1与对照差异不显著，WT2、WT3均高于对照，且WT2、WT3在六叶期分别比对照增加28．4％、8．1％，在抽雄期分别比对照增加17．3％、14．3％，在灌浆初期分剐比对照增加5．2％、7．0％。叶面积指数增长最快的阶段在拔节期至抽雄期，增长幅度在72．7％～178．3％之间，WT1在拔节期之前高于对照，之后均低于对照，六叶期比对照增加9．1％；WT2除了在吐丝期略低于对照外，其他时期均高于对照，六叶期比对照增加63．6％；WT3在整个生育期都高于对照，六叶期比对照增加18．2％。Experimental research of limited irrigation on spring maize in the new sandy land in Linze oasis irrigation region which has poor water retention capacity shows that before maturity, the highest soil moisture of spring maize under different irrigation regimes was at pre-sowing, followed by that at jointing, and the lowest was 39% of that in pre-sowing at filling in 0-20 cm soil layer. The variation trend of soil moisture were basically coincided in 20--40 cm and 40--100 cm soil layers, however, compared to 0-20 cm soil layer, there was a big difference： the highest soil moisture was at pre-sowing stage, followed by that at heading, and the lowest was 54% of that in pre-sowing and 73% of that in pre-sowing respectively at filling. The variation trend of soil moisture in 0-100 cm soil layer was similar with 40 cm layers below, and the lowest was 55% of that in pre-sowing at filling. Meanwhile, with soil depth increase, the soil moisture was increased. Compared to WTI.WT2 and WT3, CK was the highest in row grains, spike grain weight and thousand kernel weight which were respectively increased by 10. 2%, 17. 4%, 8. 4%, and 12.3%, 29.9%, 21.2%, and 1.4%, 5.5%,12.3%. There was no significant difference for plant height between WT1 and CK in the whole stages. WT2. WT3 were higher than CK in the whole stages, which were increased by 28. 4% and 8. 1% respectively in six-leaf stage, and were increased by 17. 3% and 14.3% respectively in heading, and were increased by 5.2% and 7.0% respectively in early filling. The fast growth stage of leaf area index was from jointing to heading with the increasing range was 72.7% to 178.3%. Leaf area index in WT1 treatment was higher than CK before jointing, and lower than CK after jointing, and was increased by 9.1% in six-leaf stage. Leaf area index in WT2 was higher than CK in the whole stages except silking, and was increased by 63.6% in six-leaf stage. Leaf area index in WT3 was higher than CK in the whole stages, and was increased by 18.2% in six-leaf stage.

关 键 词：有限灌溉 春玉米 土壤水分 产量要素 叶面积指数 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]