竹炭固定化微生物去除水样中氨氮的研究  

Removal of Ammonia Nitrogen in Aqueous Samples by Bamboo-Carbon Immobilized Microorganism

作　　者：周珊[1] 周汇[1] 单胜道[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江林学院环境科技学院,临安311300

出　　处：《林业科学》2009年第6期133-138,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2006AA06Z344);浙江省科技厅重大专项资助项目(2006C13036)

摘　　要：以竹炭为载体,将硝化菌、反硝化菌等微生物固定在竹炭(比表面积365m2.g-1,孔比容积0.34mL.g-1)上,研究竹炭固定化微生物对氨氮的去除及影响因素。考察初始氨氮质量浓度、固定化微生物投加量、溶解氧、pH等因素对氨氮去除的影响,研究竹炭固定化微生物去除氨氮的反应动力学,进行竹炭吸附法和竹炭固定化微生物处理氨氮的对比试验。结果表明:初始氨氮质量浓度、竹炭固定化微生物投加量、溶解氧、pH等因素均影响氨氮的去除效果。随竹炭固定化微生物投加量增加,氨氮去除率和去除量均趋于增大,但投加量增加到一定量时,氨氮去除率和去除量增幅均趋缓。pH为8的偏碱性环境利于竹炭固定化微生物对氨氮的去除。竹炭固定化微生物处理氨氮水样存在竹炭吸附和微生物脱氮2种作用。对于初始氨氮质量浓度≤200mg·mL-1的水样,调节水样pH为8,控制水样溶解氧质量浓度为1mg·mL-1左右,竹炭固定化微生物系统中可发生同时硝化-反硝化作用,氨氮去除率可达70%以上。竹炭固定化微生物去除氨氮的过程符合一级反应动力学模型。To investigate the removal of ammonia nitrogen by microorganism immobilized on bamboo-carbon, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria were immobilized on bamboo-carbon （ specific surface area, 365 m^2·g^-1 ; pore volume, 0. 34 mL·g^-1 ） to remove ammonia nitrogen. The effects of various parameters such as initial ammonia nitrogen concentration, immobilized biomass, dissolved oxygen and pH were studied. Meanwhile, the ammonia nitrogen removal kinetics was examined and the comparison experiments between bamboo-carbon adsorption and bamboo-carbon immobilized microorganism were carried out. The results show that parameters such as initial ammonia nitrogen concentration, immobilized biomass, dissolved oxygen and pH affect the removal of ammonia nitrogen. With the increase of bamboo-carbon immobilized microorganism, the nitrogen removal rate and the removal quantity increase; but when the dosage is increased to a certain amount, the nitrogen removal rate and removal quantity begin to increase more slowly. An alkaline environment with pH at 8 is conducive to the removal of ammonia by microorganism immobilized on bamboo-carbon. When microorganism immobilized on bamboo-carbon is used to purify ammonia water samples, both bamboo-carbon adsorption and biological nitrogen removal go into effect. With initial ammonia nitrogen concentration ≤ 200 mg· L^-1, nitrification and denitrification happen simultaneously in bamboo-carbon immobilized microorganism system under such condition as pH is 8 and dissolved oxygen is 1 mg·L^-1, and ammonia nitrogen removal rate can be more than 70%. The removal process follows first order kinetics.

关 键 词：竹炭 固定化 微生物 氨氮 

分 类 号：TQ351[化学工程] X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]