试论语言与身份研究中话语分析的整合视角  

An Integrative Perspective of Discourse Analysis on Language and Identity

作　　者：董平荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2009年第7期8-11,共4页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

摘　　要：语言与身份研究涉及两种重要的话语分析手段：会话分析和批评性话语分析。这两者有着不同的理论背景和研究视角。前者从会话的微观细节入手自下而上地分析话语与身份的关系，强调个体在语言交际中的主动性；后者从意识形态的宏观结构入手自上而下地分析社会结构对话语与身份的影响，强调社会结构对个体行为的制约作用。两者可以通过民族志这一质化研究方法相结合，充分利用各自的优势，整合会话分析微观视角下对身份关系的阐释不足以及批评性话语分析宏观视角下对身份关系的过度诠释，揭示语言使用和身份之间存在的复杂关系。As two important discourse analytic methods in the study of language and identity, Conversation Analysis （CA） and Critical Discourse Analysis （CDA） differ in theoretical underpinnings and methodological orientations. The former prioritizes the micro analysis of conversational structures in a bottom-up fashion to address the complex relationships between discourse and identity while the latter emphasizes the macro analysis of the power relations and ideological thoughts to demonstrate the impact of social structure on the relationships between discourse and identity. A combination of the two methods with ethnography incorporates CA＇s strength of micro analysis of discursive constructions and CDA＇s strength of macro analysis of larger socio-political contexts into identity studies. The combination can also balance the under-interpretation of identity relations at the interactional level （associated with CA） and over-interpretation of identity relations at the ideological level （associated with CDA）, thus establishing an integrative perspective of discourse analysis on the complicated relationship between language and identity.

关 键 词：身份 会话分析 批评性话语分析 民族志 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]