社区尺度认知地图扭曲的空间分析——基于首师大和北林大的个案研究  

THE SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF COGNITIVE MAP DISTORTION IN THE SCALE OF NEIGHBORHOOD——A Case Study of CNU and BFU

作　　者：王茂军[1] 张学霞[2] 吴骏毅[2] 高宜程[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100037 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《人文地理》2009年第3期54-60,共7页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40601030)

摘　　要：以首都师范大学和北京林业大学为例,利用标准方差椭圆方法讨论社区尺度上认知地图的扭曲分析,有四点结论:①社区尺度上的认知地图均为原始地图的缩小认知。但主导缩小方向与社区内部的主要道路网结构密切相关。②社区主干道和社区边界对认知地图的方向扭曲施加重要影响,发挥着定位基准线的作用。③社区尺度上各认知地点标准方差椭圆的长轴方向与空间定位基准线方向基本一致。④反映空间认知被试者差异性的各地点认知的标准方差椭圆面积与被试者对地点的熟悉程度有负向关系。Unconscious, non-exploring, repeated spatial experience are central objects of behavioral geography study, and familiar space associated with daily life is the research emphasis of geography in cognitive map. Likewise, community space is the appropriate one for study on the influence of elements of urban spatial structure to cognitive map. Choosing 60 college students majoring in geography in Beijing Forestry University （BFU） and another 30 from Capital Normal University （CNU） as samples, the authors set a number of control points beforehand to achieve these maps and maps of the cartography＇s superposition, and then draw profile of BFU and CNU as control line on B5 test paper. Tip points are set up as graphic tips, suggesting plotting proportion, spatial distance, direction and topological relation. Students are required to mark other locations＇ map code on the blank map with control line and graphic tips, and provide the most important road in their own schools, and then analyze the direction cognition of cognitive map by using the analysis method of standard deviational ellipses. The findings show that 1） the cognitive map in the scale of neighborhood is the shrink cognition of the environment,and the shrink degree relates to the main road network;2）the main road and the boundary of the neighborhood play an important role in the direction cognition.; 3） the long axis direction of standard deviational ellipses consists of the datum lines of spatial orientation; 4） the area of the standard deviational ellipses have negative correlation to the location familiarity of students. The area of standard deviational ellipses in the place of more resident＇s experience is smaller than the less.

关 键 词：认知地图 空间扭曲 标准方差椭圆 社区尺度 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学]