西安市中学生听力现况调查  

Hearing status among middle school students in Xi'an——an epidemiological survey

作　　者：李宗华[1] 徐展[1] 陈阳[1] 王志忠[2] 淳于秀杰[1] 王方圆[1] 何亚[1] 张鹏志[1] 高磊[1] 邱淑萍[1] 刘顺利[1] 乔莉[1] 邱建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学西京医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,西安710032 [2]第四军医大学流行病学教研室,西安710032

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2009年第1期30-34,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家科技部“十一五”支撑课题(2007BAI18B12)

摘　　要：目的了解目前中学生听力状况,为制定中学生人群听力损失的防治策略提供科学依据。方法用分层随机整群抽样法对西安市中学生行问卷调查、耳科查体、纯音测听及声导抗测试,数据用SPSS15.0统计软件处理。结果1.共调查1567人,男生793人(50.61%),女生774人(49.39%)。2.听力情况:听力减退患病率2.30%(36/1567),听力残疾患病率0.13%(2/1567)。传导性听力减退13人,感音神经性听力减退20人,混合性听力减退3人。3.噪声性听力减退、中耳炎,耵聍栓塞等是引起中学生听力减退常见疾病。4.Logistic回归结果显示,性别、MP3/MP4使用时间、睡眠、耳聋家族史,耳毒性药物史等因素均与听力减退相关;MP3/MP4是听力损伤的独立危险因素。5."耳科正常中学生"各频率听力受损的可能性随着MP3/MP4使用时间的延长而增大。6."耳科正常中学生"声导抗检测鼓室图绝大多数为A型,无B型图。结论目前中学生人群中听力减退患病率较高。长时间、高音量使用MP3/MP4是中学生听力减退重要原因。失眠、耳聋家族史、耳毒性药物史等是中学生听力减退的危险因素。Objective To collect information regarding hearing status among middle school students in the city of Xi＇an for prevention against premature hearing loss. Methods A cohort of 1,567 students （793 males and 774 females） were randomly sampled from middle schools in the city of Xi＇an to be studied via questionnaires, otological examination and audiometric tests. Results 1. hearing loss was detected in 36 students （2.30%）. Hearing loss was disabling in 2 students （0.13%）. Hearing loss was conductive in 13 students, sensorineural in 20 students and mixed in 3 students. 2. The most commonly identified etiologies included noise exposure, otitis media and impacted cerumen. 3. Logistic regression analysis indicated correlation between hearing loss and the following： gender, use of portable listening devices, sleep disorders, genetic background and use of ototoxic medications, of which use of portable listening devices was an independent risk factor. 4. The prevalence of hearing loss increased with the length of use of portable listening devices, especially affecting high frequency hearing. 5. Acoustic immittance tests showed mostly type A tympanogram and no type B among students with normal hearing. Conclusion Prevalence of hearing impairment is increasing among middle school students. Using portable listening devices at inappropriate volume levels appears to be an important cause. Gender, sleep disorders, genetic background and use of ototoxic medications are also potential factors affecting hearing in this population.

关 键 词：听力减退 听力学检查 中学生 流行病学 

分 类 号：R764.433[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R181.81[医药卫生—临床医学]