工作中的材料,或,建筑呈现着材料所承担的工作  

Working Materials,or,Architecture Shows What Materials Do

作　　者：戴维·莱瑟巴罗[1] 史永高(译)[2] 刘东洋(校) 

机构地区：[1]宾夕法尼亚大学 [2]东南大学建筑学院 [3]不详

出　　处：《建筑师》2009年第3期21-30,共10页The Architect

摘　　要：本文旨在倡导一种建筑思想导向(orientation)上的转向,即从"建筑是什么"到"建筑做什么"的转向,对于前者的定义恰恰要通过对于后者的考察来完成。通过聚焦于建筑的建造材料,我们的关注点将从"建筑作品"转向建筑在怎样"工作"。在这一方面,力、抵抗、能量这些问题,与用光、材料加工等设计问题一样,都是重要的话题。文中对于材料所承担的工作的讨论是基于这么一个简单的假设:我们对建筑作品不能静态地去看,唯有在建筑建成之后,把建筑的行动、运转、绩效,也就是建筑究竟都做了些什么,都考虑进去,才能把握它的真实性(reality)。据此,本文描述了建筑一旦向世界敞开后,会发生什么,建筑又怎样在诸多建筑中表现着。本文还检视了若干现代和当代的绘画及建筑作品,包括亨利·马蒂斯,乔治·修拉的绘画,以及勒-柯布西耶、让-努维尔和彼得卒姆托的建筑。This article argues for a shift of orientation in architectural thought, from what the building is to what it does, defining the first by means of the second. Focusing on the construction materials of buildings, works of architecture are shown to actually work. Topics such as force, resistance, and energy are key in this account, as are design issues such as lighting and finishing, The argument about the work materials do is based on a simple premise： that the reality of the architectural work cannot be grasped unless its actions, operations, or performances are taken into consideration, the things it does once it has been built. The article describes what happens to an architectural work once it is exposed to the world, how it behaves among others. Buildings and paintings from the modern and contemporary periods are examined, paintings by figures such as Henri Matisse and Georges Seurat, and buildings by Le Corbusier, Jean Nouvel, and Peter Zumthor.

关 键 词：材料 抵抗 勒-柯布西耶 彼得·卒姆托 让-努维尔 

分 类 号：TU-0[建筑科学—建筑理论]