近47年上海最高、最低气温的变化特征及城郊差异  

Characteristics of Maximum and Minimum Temperature Variations and Their Differences between Urban and Suburban Areas in Shanghai from 1960 to 2006

作　　者：周伟东[1,2] 朱洁华[3] 史军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市气候中心,上海200030 [2]东华大学计算机科学与技术学院,上海200051 [3]上海市气象科技服务中心,上海200030

出　　处：《高原气象》2008年第B12期124-130,共7页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项项目(CCSF2007-18)资助

摘　　要：基于上海市10个气象站点的气温资料,分析了1960—2006年上海最高、最低气温的时空变化特征和城郊差异。结果表明,过去47年间,上海平均最高、最低气温分别为20.1℃和12.5℃,两者均有显著的上升趋势,趋势倾向率分别为0.29℃/10a和0.39℃/10a。最高气温在春季上升幅度最大,而最低气温在冬季上升幅度最大。最高、最低气温都在1980年代后期发生突变,突变点分别在1989年和1988年。年代际变化显示,最高、最低气温在1990年代以前均为负距平,1990年代和2000年代均为正距平。配对t检验表明,市区与郊区的最高、最低气温在1987年以后存在显著差异。在空间分布上,最高气温呈市区大于郊区、内陆大于沿江沿海的分布特征,近20年市区与近郊、远郊最高气温的差值分别比1980年以前增加了0.4℃和0.6℃。最低气温的空间分布、变化趋势与最高气温基本相同,近20年市区与近郊、远郊最低气温的差值分别比1980年以前增加了0.5℃和0.8℃。上海地区气温日较差平均为7.5℃,近47年间呈显著减少趋势。日较差的减少与最高、最低气温变化的不对称性有关,也与日照时数、云量的变化显著相关。Based on the temperature data at 10 meteorological stations in Shanghai, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and the difference of maximum and minimum temperatures between urban and suburban areas in Shanghai during 1960--2006 were studied. The results indicated that in the past 47 years, the mean annual maximum and minimum temperatures are 20. 1℃ and 12. 5℃, respectively, increased with a tendency ratio of 0.29℃/10a and 0. 39℃/10a in turn. The maximum temperature increase the highest during spring and the minimum temperature increase the highest during winter. Both the maximum and the minimum temperatures raised an abrupt change in the middle and end of 1980s, with the abrupt timing of 1988 and 1989, respectively. Both the maximum and the minimum temperatures were negative departure before 1990s, and then had been turned to be positive one since 1990s . The difference of maximum and the minimum temperatures between urban and suburban areas has been significant since 1987. The maximum temperature in urban areas was higher than those both in suburban areas, and also the maximum temperature in inland higher than that along river and coastal regions. The difference of maximum temperature between urban and suburban areas in recent 20 years was 0.4℃ higher than that of during 1960--1980, and the difference of maximum temperature between urban and exurban areas was 0.6℃ higher than that of during 1960--1980. The spatial pattern and variation trend of minimum temperature were roughly the same as the maximum temperature. In recent 20 years, the difference of minimum temperature between urban and suburban areas was 0.5℃ higher than that of during 1960--1980, and the difference of minimum temperature between urban and exurban areas was 0.8℃ higher than that of during 1960--1980. The mean daily range of air temperature was 7. 5℃ Shanghai, being decreased significantly in the past 47 years. The decrease of daily range of air temperature was probably to associate with the asymmetrical variatio

关 键 词：上海 最高气温 最低气温 变化特征 城郊差异 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]