2002～2007年上海市机动车道路交通事故特征分析  

Analysis of Motor Vehicle Traffi c Accidents in Shanghai during the Period of 2002-2007

作　　者：周峰[1] 周顺福[2] 杨斌杰[2] 苏慧佳[1] 周德定[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心伤害防治科,上海200336 [2]上海市疾病预防控制中心驾驶员体验管理办公室,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2009年第3期259-262,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]了解上海市机动车道路交通事故发生水平的变化趋势及相关特征,为控制机动车道路交通事故及其危害提供决策依据。[方法]应用2003～2008年上海市统计年鉴及相关背景资料描述上海市机动车道路交通事故的发生率、死亡率、伤人率、致死率及其变化趋势,并描述机动车道路交通事故的归因、地区和道路等相关特征。[结果]2002～2007年上海市机动车道路交通事故发生率、死亡率及伤人率呈下降趋势,但致死率呈上升趋势。上海市机动车道路交通事故是上海市道路交通事故的主要构成,主要由人的因素促成,贡献率达98.77%。其中,机动车驾驶员违章是主要贡献因素;主要违章类型为纵向间距不够等。2002～2007年间发生机动车道路交通事故的责任车种主要为汽车,其所占比例为76.42%～96.83%;其所致机动车道路交通事故发生率、死亡率及伤人率呈下降趋势;其致死率呈上升趋势。各级公路的机动车道路交通事故密度下降;非城区的高等级公路机动车道路交通事故发生密度较高。[结论]上海市道路环境等状况的改善明显降低了上海市机动车道路交通事故的发生。上海市机动车道路交通事故控制应以机动车驾驶员的不良交通行为为主要目标。[ Objective ] To analyze the trend and feature of the occurrence for motor vehicle traffic accidents in Shanghai. [ Methods ] Data from the yearbook of Shanghai motor vehicle traffic accidents and related background material were employed to describe the incidence rate, mortality rate, injury rate and fatality rate. [ Results ] During the period of 2002-2007 motor vehicle traffic accidents in Shanghai showed a declining trend in its incidence rate, mortality rate and injury rate, but an ascending trend in fatality rate. Motor vehicle traffic accidents constituted the most proportion of whole road traffic accident in Shanghai. The human factor mainly contributed to the occurrence of motor vehicle traffic accidents in Shanghai with a percentage of 98.77%, of which vehicle drivers＇ violation accounted for the largest proportion. The most frequent violation was insufficient longitudinal distance between vehicles in running. During this period the automobile were responsible for most motor vehicle traffic accidents in Shanghai with a percentage range of 76.42%-96.83%. Road-specific density for motor vehicle traffic accidents declined significantly since 2004. More motor vehicle traffic accidents occurred on the higher grade of road in rural area. [ Conclusion ] Motor vehicle traffic accidents in Shanghai declined due to improvement of road environment and vehicles. Control for motor vehicle traffic accidents in Shanghai should focus on the poor behavior of motor vehicle drivers.

关 键 词：机动车道路交通事故 发生率 死亡率 致死率 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学]