轮对与道岔接触问题的有限元分析  

Finite Element Analysis on Contact of Wheelset and Turnout

作　　者：张军[1] 王春艳[1] 孙传喜[1] 陆仲绩[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]上海科学院上海CAE技术公共服务平台,上海201203

出　　处：《铁道学报》2009年第3期26-30,共5页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50605003,50875218);中国博士后科学基金(20070410458);辽宁省高等学校科研项目(2008105)

摘　　要：针对城市轨道车辆车轮和道岔的磨耗问题,应用参变量变分原理及基于此原理的有限元参数二次规划法来求解轮对与道岔的接触问题,建立轮对与辙叉、护轨、基本轨的多体接触有限元计算模型,分析不同工况下轮对和道岔接触斑形状、内部应力以及接触力的分布和变化规律。结果表明,由于车轮踏面与9号辙叉的型面不配合,轮对与辙叉形成两点接触,且接触斑狭长,靠近轮缘处踏面和辙叉接触斑的应力及接触力非常大,其数值远远超过材料的屈服极限,进入塑性变形阶段,这将导致车轮踏面与辙叉的磨耗严重。这一研究方法和计算结果将为道岔的合理设计以及轮对和道岔型面更好配合提供了理论依据。In view of existing states of wearing between wheelsets of urban rail vehicles and turnouts, the parameter variation principle and the finite element parametric quadratic programming method based on the parameter variation principle are applied to solve the wheel-turnout contact problems. The finite element computation models for multi-body contacts between wheelsets and frogs, guarding rails and stock rails are established to analyze the laws of distribution and changes of contact patch shapes, internal stresses and contact forces under different operating conditions. The results show as follows. Due to unfitting between the wheel tread and profile of Frog No. 9, two-point contact occurs between the wheelset and frog and the contact patches become narrow and long; the Von Mises stress and contact force in the area of the contact patch between the tread close to the flange and the frog are so great that they go far beyond the yielding limit and enter the plastic deformation stage; this will lead to serious wearing of wheelset treads and frogs. The theoretical basis is provided for rational design of turnouts and better matching between wheelset and turnout surfaces.

关 键 词：轮对 道岔 接触 有限元 二次规划法 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]