草丛土毛虫的超微结构观察  

Observations on the Ultrastructure of Soil Ciliate Territricha stramenticola(Ciliophora:Hyportrichida)

作　　者：冯玲玲[1] 郭键[1] 鲍小娟[1] 王正君[1] 倪兵[1] 顾福康[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2009年第3期367-374,共8页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30770238)

摘　　要：扫描电镜和透射电镜术显示,土壤纤毛虫草丛土毛虫(Territricha stramenticola)的额棘毛具有尖毛科纤毛虫模式,腹棘毛以"zig-zag"排列成棘毛数明显可辨的中腹棘毛列,纤毛器形态发生中部分老纤毛结构在新结构发生至成熟时经历了逐步变化和退化的过程,结果表明老纤毛结构对各纤毛器原基发生区及新纤毛结构形成的定位和物质贡献具有重要作用;细胞表面在无纤毛的皮层区如额区前端形成棘突样表面,在其他皮层表面则显示波纹样或网纹样结构,并在其表面区不规则分布有浅的凹陷,这也可能是纤毛虫在土壤颗粒间隙水中运动与环境相互作用的结果;细胞表膜下表质层明显由微管或纤维结构加厚,这可能与细胞对运动的支持或骨架作用有关;皮层胞质中线粒体和食物泡十分丰富,这可能与细胞在土壤特殊环境中能量的储存及食物缺少情况下或者细胞形成包囊时能量的利用有关.The ultrastructure of the hypotrichous ciliate Territricha stramenticola was observed by using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the structural mode of the frontal cirri of Territricha stramenticola was similar to that of Oxytrichids. The midventral cirrus line, consisting of 8 zigzag- distributed ventural cirri, was located in the middle of the ventral surface. During the morphogertesis of ciliature, the old cilia experienced the process of gradual degeneration when the new structure began to oceure and develope. The results indicated that the old cilia played an important part not only in the ocurrenee of the eiliature primordia, but also in the structural development of new cilia. There were a lot of spine-like structures at the terminal part of frontal surface region where no cilium was present. At the remaining non-ciliated surface region of Territricha stramenticola, there distributed a large number of unevenly arranged shallow pits. These morphological characteristics might be the adaptive change to the interaction between the ciliate and the soil environment. The epi-plasmic layer below the pellicle was thickened obviously with microtubule or fibroid structure. This structural ehareeteristie might bear relationship with the cell＇s supportting to movement or forming cytoskeleton. Mitochondrion and food vacuoles were abundant in the cytoplasm. These structures might have some relationships with the energy storage in special soil environment or the energy utilization when cells formed cysts or in the starving situation.

关 键 词：土壤纤毛虫 草丛土毛虫 纤毛器 形态发生 皮层细胞器 超微结构 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]