国外深水钻井液技术进展  

Development of Foreign Deepwater Drilling Fluid

作　　者：王松[1] 宋明全[2] 刘二平[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院德州石油钻井研究所,山东德州253005

出　　处：《石油钻探技术》2009年第3期8-12,共5页Petroleum Drilling Techniques

摘　　要：随着石油工业的不断发展,海洋油气勘探的水域越来越深,深水钻井难度也越来越大。介绍了深水钻井存在的主要问题:海底页岩的稳定性差、钻井液用量大、井眼清洗难、浅层天然气容易形成气体水合物、低温下钻井液的流变性不稳定、地层破裂压力窗口窄等,这些都对钻井液技术提出了更高的要求。国外深水钻井作业开始得较早,使用的钻井液体系主要有水基钻井液和合成基钻井液,其中水基钻井液主要包括墨西哥湾的高抑制性水基钻井液体系、高性能水基钻井液和CaCl2/聚合物钻井液,挪威海域的硅酸盐钻井液体系以及甲基葡萄糖甙钻井液等;合成基钻井液主要包括墨西哥湾的酯/烯烃基钻井液、IO和酯基钻井液及环境可接受的专用合成基钻井液等。另外,还介绍了充气钻井液和特殊的油基钻井液体系。最后,分析了深水钻井液技术的发展趋势,并提出了一些建议。With the development of petroleum industry, deepwater drilling has become more and more important in offshore exploration. While there exist a lot of problems in deepwater drilling, including bad shale stability of sea bed, huge drilling fluid volume, difficulty in hole cleaning, shallow natural gas prone to hydrate formation, unstable fluid theology at low temperature, narrow window of formation breakdown pressure. All these require higher stands for drilling fluids. Deepwater drilling began much earlier abroad. The drilling fluid systems include water-based drilling fluids and synthetic drilling fluids. The water-based drilling fluids include high inhibitive water-based drilling fluid, high-performance water-based drilling fluid and CaC12/polymer drilling fluid of Gulf of Mexico, silicated drilling of Offshore Norwy and methyl-glucosided drilling fluid. The synthetic drilling fluids include ester/alkene-based drilling fluid, IO/ester-based drilling fluid and the compliant synthetic-base fluid of Gulf of Mexico, and so on. Moreover, aerated fluid and conspicuous oil-based drilling fluid systems were also introduced. Finally, the trend of deepwater drilling fluid technology was analyzed and suggestions were proposed.

关 键 词：深水钻井 水合物 水基钻井液 油基钻井液 充气钻井液 合成基钻井液 

分 类 号：TE254[石油与天然气工程—油气井工程]