黑腹绒鼠的形态及其种群生态特征  

Morphological features and the ecological characters of population of Eothenomys melanogaster

作　　者：杨再学[1] 郑元利[1] 郭永旺[2] 金星 刘晋 

机构地区：[1]贵州省余庆县植保植检站,余庆564400 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100026 [3]贵州省植保植检站,贵阳550001

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2009年第3期218-224,共7页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技攻关项目资助(2005BA529A05);贵州省优秀科技教育人才省长专项资金资助项目(黔省专合字[2005]30号)

摘　　要：采用夹夜法调查逐月捕获率，对2000—2008年贵州省余庆县黑腹绒鼠的形态及其种群生态特征进行分析，结果表明，黑腹绒鼠主要栖息于旱地耕作区，占总鼠数的5．60％，为当地常见鼠种。黑腹绒鼠两性之间体重、胴体重、体长、尾长无显著性差异，不同季节之间差异亦不显著，不同年龄之间存在显著差异。研究期间，平均捕获率为0．24％，种群性比为0．70，平均怀孕率为61．90％，平均胎仔数为2．31只，平均睾丸下降率为73．33％，平均繁殖指数为0．59。全年种群数量在11月出现1个数量高峰，捕获率达0．52％，不同年度、不同季节种群数量存在显著差异。在秋季出现1个繁殖高峰，不同年龄组之间种群繁殖力存在明显差异，随着种群年龄的增长，黑腹绒鼠种群繁殖力不断增加，成年Ⅰ、成年Ⅱ组、老年组是种群繁殖的主体。比较全国各地黑腹绒鼠种群生态特征认为，黑腹绒鼠不同地区种群组成比例不同；不同地区之间形态特征具有相对稳定性和差异性，尤其是体重易受食物和环境的影响而变化；种群繁殖和种群数量变化不同地区之间存在显著差异。The night clips was employed to observe the monthly catching rate of Eothenomys melanogaster during 2000 - 2008. Also, the morphological features and ecological characters of population of Eothenomys melanogaster were investi- gated in Yuqing County, Guizhou Province in the present study. E. melanogaster, representing 5.60% of the total farm- land rats, mainly inhabit in dry field. No significant variation in weight, body weight without viscera, body length and tail length was obtained among that catched in different season. However, the significant variation was investigated from the different age. The average of catching rate, sex ratio, pregnancy rate, litter size, descent rate of testicle and repro- ductive index were 0.24% , 0.70, 61.90% , 2.31,73.33% and 0.59, respectively. The population annually reached the peak in November, which the catching rate got to 0.52%. In the reproductive peak, population reproduction capaci- ty obviously varied among the age groups. Its reproductive capacity might increase harmoniously with the growth of age. Adult group I, group II and the old group were the main reproductive contributors. Compared with the ecological charac- ters all over the country, the proportion of the population composition varied among different areas. The morphological characters show a relative stability, however, significant differences were obsverved in different area. Furthermore, food and environmental status demonstrated considerable effects on body weight. Population reproduction and the population size remarkably varied among the different region.

关 键 词：黑腹绒鼠 形态特征 种群繁殖 种群数量 贵州省 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] S443.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]