大连急性中毒1782例流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiology of acute poisoning： analysis of 1782 cases in Dalian, Liaoning Province

作　　者：刘永华[1] 王心杰 夏晓虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连市中心医院急诊科,辽宁116033

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2009年第3期142-145,共4页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

摘　　要：目的调查综合性医院急性中毒患者的流行病学特点，为今后制定急性中毒综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法对2007年7月-2008年6月在急诊科就诊的急性中毒1782例患者的年龄、性别、职业、毒物种类、中毒原因、中毒类型的月分布、中毒的侵入途径、地点、中毒距就诊的时间、救治方法及病死率等项目进行调查统计分析。结果1782例急性中毒患者年龄主要集中在20—29岁823例（46．18％）。首位的中毒种类是药物（32．88％），单项毒种乙醇占第一位（29．12％）。有意接触毒物1179例（66．16％），尤以自杀为主，共652例（36．58％），其中女性496例（76．07％）。其次为过量饮酒，共527例（29．57％），其中男性342例（64．89％）。中毒时间呈无规律性波动，以1-2月、7．8月、11-12月相对较多。毒物进入人体最常见的途径是经消化道摄入（73．57％）。地点以家中为主（30．19％）。中毒距就诊的时间以2．4h居多（723例，40．57％），1h就诊者仅占9．88％。洗胃仍为常用的救治方法，血液净化治疗成为重症中毒患者的必不可少的手段。急性中毒患者病死率1．35％，前三位死因依次为一氧化碳、农药、药物中毒，分别占33．33％、20．83％、12．50％。结论大连急性中毒的流行学特征与国内其他地方相似，但男性中毒者比例较高，这可能与过量饮酒的增加有关。Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning in Dalian, Liaoning Province. Methods The clinical data of 1782 patients with acute poisoning treated in the Department of Emergency, Dalian Central Hospital, from July 2007-June 2008, 833 males （46.74%） and 949 females （53.25%）, were analyzed. Results 6.18% of the patients with acute poisoning were aged 20-29. The first leading category of acute poisoning was drug poisoning （32.88%）. Alcohol occupied the first place in single poisons, and alcohol poisoning accounted for 29.12% of all the cases. 1179 cases （66.16%） were caused by intentional contact with the poisons. 625 of the 1179 cases （36.58%） contacted the poisons to commit suicide, among which 496 （64.89%） were females. The cause of poisoning of 527 cases （29.5%） was excessive drinking, the second cause. The prevalence of acute poisoning fluctuated irregularly; however, the prevalence rates were relatively higher in January February, July, August, November, and December. The most common route of poison entering the human body was digestive tract （73.57%）..The most common place where poisoning took place was home （30.19%）. 40.57% of the patients underwent treatment within 2-3 hours after poisoning, and only 9.88% of the patients were treated within 1 hour after poisoning. Gastric lavage remained the most commonly used treatment. Blood purification was a necessary measurement. The mortality of acute poisoning was 1.35%. The leading 3 lethal poisons were carbon monoxide, pesticide, and drugs. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning in Dalian are similar to those in other places in China. However, the proportion of male patients is relatively higher, which may be related to the increase of excessive drinking.

关 键 词：急性中毒 流行病学 

分 类 号：R18[医药卫生—流行病学]