量子计算与超导量子计算机  

Quantum Computation and Superconducting Quantum Computer

作　　者：王吉林[1] 刘建设[1] 陈培毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学微电子学研究所,北京100084

出　　处：《微纳电子技术》2009年第6期321-326,345,共7页Micronanoelectronic Technology

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20060003067);973重大科学研究计划资助项目(2006CB921106);自然科学基金资助项目(60606021)

摘　　要：量子计算是一种基于量子力学相干叠加原理的新型计算体系,具有超越传统计算体系的优越性能。超导量子计算因为其在规模可扩展性方面的潜力而得到广泛的重视。超导约瑟夫森结是超导量子计算机方案中的关键器件,可用来控制超导体中的宏观波函数。阐述了量子计算的发展和优势,介绍了约瑟夫森结的原理以及三种超导量子比特的特性,并分析了面临的挑战。A quantum computation system is a new computation system utilizing the quantum coherence and superposition principle and its performance exceeds its classical counterpart. The superconducting quantum computation is an important approach because it is a scalable scheme. Superconductive Josephson junction is the key device of superconducting quantum computation to manipulate the macroscopic wavefunction in superconductors. The evolution history and advantage of the quantum computation are reviewed. The principle of Josephson junction and characteristics of three kinds of supercondcuting qubits are introduced. The facing challenges of superconducting quantum computer scheme are analyzed.

关 键 词：可逆计算 量子计算 宏观量子效应 约瑟夫森结 超导量子比特 

分 类 号：O511[理学—低温物理] O24[理学—物理]