贺兰山岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)集群特征的季节变化  

Seasonal variations in group types and sizes of blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur) in the Helan Mountains,China

作　　者：刘振生[1] 李新庆 王小明[3] 李志刚 胡天华 翟昊 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]东莞中学松山湖学校,东莞523808 [3]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [4]宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局,银川750021

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第6期2782-2788,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30470231;30670309);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2005037496);国家新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-08-0753);国家科技支撑资助项目(2008BADB0B04);宁夏回族自治区林业局自选课题资助项目(2004-01)

摘　　要：2004年11月～2005年10月,在贺兰山对岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)的集群行为进行了研究,将其集群类型划分为雌性群、雄性群、雌雄群、母仔群、混合群和独羊6种类型。共观察到岩羊1023群次,计4866只次,平均群大小为(4.86±2.54)只,最大的群为51只,最小的为独羊。其中,母仔群459群(44.87%)为最多的集群类型,其余为混合群(20.72%)、雄性群(14.86%)、独羊(9.09%)、雌雄群(5.57%)、雌性群(4.89%)。母仔群出现的频次在4个季节均最高,除母仔群外,春季雄性群出现的频次最高,而夏、秋、冬季都是混合群出现的频次最高,不同类型集群出现频次的季节间差异极显著。在4个季节中都以2～5只的群居多,其出现的频次占各季节群数50%以上,不同季节群大小差异极显著,而不同集群类型群大小季节间不存在显著差异。除独羊外,不同季节混合群大小差异极显著,母仔群、雌性群大小差异显著,而雄性群、雌雄群大小无显著差异。研究结果显示,贺兰山岩羊集小群是其显著特点,随着季节的变化,其集群类型、集群大小均会发生一定的变化。We studied group types and sizes of blue sheep （Pseudois nayaur） in the Helan Mountains from November 2004 to October 2005. Blue sheep groups were observed with KOWA 8×42 DCF binoculars and a KOWA TSN-824 M power spotting scope. Groups were classified as female, male, male-female, ewe-lamb, mixed groups, and solitary sheep. A total of 4 866 sheep belonging to 1 023 groups were observed, with a mean group size of 4.86 （SD=2.54）. The largest groups included 51 sheep and the smallest groups were solitary sheep. Ewe-lamb groups were the most frequently encountered, constituting 44.8% of total observations. Mixed-sex groups, male groups and solitary sheep made up 20.72%, 14.68%, and 9.09% respectively of total observations. Male-female and female groups made up 5.57% and 4.89% of total sheep classified. Ewe-lamb groups predominated in all seasons, but frequencies of observed group types varied seasonally （P〈0001）. Male groups were more numerous in spring than in other seasons, whereas mixed groups were least in spring, increasing through summer, autumn, and winter. Groups consisting of 2-5 individuals dominated in all seasons, and constituted 50% of total groups observed. Group sizes varied seasonally （P〈0.001）, but mean group size did not differ seasonally. There were significant seasonal variations in group sizes of mixed-sex （P〈0.001）, ewe-lamb （P〈0.05）, and female groups （P〈0.05）. Seasonal variations in sizes of male and male-female groups were not significant. Small herd sizes are characteristic of the blue sheep in the Helan Mountains.

关 键 词：岩羊 集群类型 集群大小 贺兰山 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]