舞阳龟甲刻符初探  

A Tentative Study of the Signs Engraved on a Piece of Tortoiseshell Unearthed at Jiahu Site,Wuyang County

作　　者：冯凭[1] 吴长旗[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学外语学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《中原文物》2009年第3期51-58,共8页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：虽然河南舞阳贾湖出土的刻符的数量不多,但是其中出现在龟甲上的三个刻符尤其引人注目,它们是■、■、■。它们的特征是:1.时间最早,属于裴李岗文化,其年代范围为公元前6600至公元前6200年;2.与文字相关,■像甲骨文的日字和户字,■像甲骨文的目字,■像举手人形,东巴文字中就有类似的字例。通过研究这三个刻符,笔者发现:这三个刻画符号蕴涵了一条符合远古先民生活及社会习性的重要信息;三个刻画符号刚好与人们迄今都还能够从一种特殊的宗教仪式中抽象出的三个元素相吻合。河南舞阳贾湖出土的带有刻符的龟甲本身很有可能就是一种宗教法器龟甲刻符与甲骨文之间或许具有一脉相传的关系。While the signs engraved on a piece of tortoiseshell were excavated in considerably limited numbers at Wuyang County, Henan Province, there are the three among them which have caught remarkable attention： , , . They are characterized, for one thing, by the production date tracing back as early as from 6, 000 BC. to 6, 200 BC. , falling into Peiligang Culture, and, for another, by their relation to the origin of Chinese writings. looks like ＂ 日 ＂ （sun） and ＂户 ＂ （ door or window） , like ＂ 目＂ （eye） , they both having their counterparts in the tortoiseshell inscriptions, and like a man with one hand raised, There also being a similar script in Dongba writings. Our researches focus on the three incised signs as standing for a piece of primitive text rather than a group of isolated signs and the findings have led us to the following conclusions ： （ 1 ） The three signs convey a piece of significant message pertaining to the social customs and life of our primitive ancestors; （2） They go in agreement with the three essential elements which can still be abstracted even nowadays from a special religious ritual; （3） The tortoiseshell unearthed from the Gu Lake of Wuyang County with these three signs on are very likely to be a religious instrument in primitive times; （4） These signs might have motivated the tortoiseshell inscriptions.

关 键 词：龟甲刻符 宗教仪式 甲骨文 贾湖 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] H257[历史地理—历史学]