凉水国家级自然保护区森林群落结构及物种多样性分析  

Analysis on Community Structure and Species Diversity of Forest in Liangshui National-level Natural Reserve

作　　者：李凤英[1] 纪桂琴 石福臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071 [2]葫芦岛市环境监测中心站,辽宁葫芦岛125000

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第3期38-45,共8页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis

基　　金：国家重点基础发展规划项目(2002CB412501);中日合作研究项目

摘　　要：利用在凉水国家级自然保护区设置的9个样方的调查资料,用丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数对该区主要森林群落结构及物种多样性进行了分析研究。结果表明,不同群落间的物种多样性存在差异,主要表现为生于坡地的森林群落类型的物种多样性指数总体上高于生于谷地的云冷杉林和红皮云杉林。同一群落不同层次的物种多样性也存在差异,丰富度指数除在云冷杉林和红皮云林中表现为草本层>乔木层>灌木层外,其它群落中均表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;均匀度指数在谷地云冷杉林和红皮云林及坡地毛缘苔草毛榛子红松林中表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,在其它群落中均表现为灌木层>草本层>乔木层Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数在各群落间变化比较复杂,但其变化趋势相同。群落的物种多样性还与群落所处的演替阶段有关,就凉水国家级自然保护区内的红松林而言,随着群落的演替,丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈现增加的趋势,当到达顶级群落时又略有降低;而Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化不明显.Based on data from 9 quadrates in Liangshui Natural Reserve, community structure and species diversity of forest communities in this area were discussed by using the indices of richness, diversity and evenness in this paper. The results showed that discrepancies of species diversity indices existed among communities. Generally, species diversity of the forest communities distributed on sloping field was higher than that of the Grasses--Betula platyphylla-Picea koraiensis forest and Abies holophylla-Picea koraiensis forest growing on valley. There were also evident differences of species diversity between different layers within a same community. The richness indices varied between communities as follows： a） Grasses-Betula platyphylla-Picea koraiensis forest and Abies holophylla- Picea koraiensis forest： herb layer〉 tree layer〉shrub layer; b） other communities： herb layer〉shrub layer〉tree layer. The evenness indices varied between communities as follows： a） Grasses-Betula platyphylla-Picea koraiensis forest, Abies holophylla-Picea koraiensis forest and Carex pilosa-Corylus mandshurica- Pinus koraiensis forest： herb layer〉shrub layer〉tree layer; b） other communities： shrub layer〉herb layer〉tree layer. The Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of communities varied complicatedly between different layers, but reflected accordant trend. Species diversity of communities also had correlations with their succession stages. The richness indices and Shannon-Wiener indices increased continuously and last decreased slowly with the natural succession series of Korean pine forest after artificial logging, the variation of the Simpson indices and evenness indices was not significant.

关 键 词：森林群落 物种多样性 凉水国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]