发声态的语言学功能  

Phonation Types:Phonological Categories and Linguistic Functions

作　　者：朱晓农[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]香港科技大学人文学部 [2]上海高校比较语言学E-研究院,上海200234

出　　处：《语言研究》2009年第3期1-19,共19页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：香港研究拨款局竞标专项拨款(HKUST 6426/06H);香港科技大学竞标研究项目(RPC06/07.HS03)

摘　　要：发声态是语音学概念,语言学语音学中的发声态有六类十一种。发声态在语言学里最大的作用是定义音系学的概念"声域"或"调域",并以此起到辨义作用。此外它还可以作为小称形式这样的形态语素出现。声域可以根据声带纵向紧张度及其产生的高低声调来分为高、中、低三个域。本文还澄清了"松紧"这对困惑国内外语言学界很多年的概念。研究发声态具有学科性的意义。假声具有语言学意义,这是近年来才被我们发现的,而更重要的是把发声态作为语音学的一个不可或缺的参数,并从音系学角度给予分类并系统阐述,在这方面本文是首次尝试。The phonation type is a phonetic concept. Its phonological functions are rarely known to linguists. There are six major phonation types which contain eleven variants in linguistic phonetics. It is our recent finding that falsetto functions linguistically. In addition to playing a role in forming diminutive forms, the main linguistic function of phonation modes is to define tonological REGISTERS, and thus serves as distinctive features in a language. Conditioned mainly by the longitudinal tension of vocal cords, three levels of registers can be determined, which have phonetic correlates of pitch heights. The paper has clarified a pair of extremely confusing concepts of ‘song/jin＇ （tense/lax） vowels. It is theoretically significant to expand phonetics/phonology to a new area of phonation types. This paper is the first attempt to introduce phonation into phonetics as an indispensable parameter, and to define and classify phonological registers in the phonatory perspective.

关 键 词：发声态 声域 假声 张声 气声 嘎裂声 松紧 

分 类 号：H017[语言文字—语言学]