不同结构免耕开沟器对土壤阻力的影响  

Effect of Different Structural No-till Openers on Soil Resistant Force

作　　者：姚宗路[1] 高焕文[2] 李洪文[2] 王晓燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部规划设计研究院,北京100125 [2]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农机化研究》2009年第7期30-34,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家"十一"五科技支撑项目(2006BAD28B04)

摘　　要：在免耕播种过程中,免耕开沟器的结构形状能够影响前进阻力,从而影响拖拉机的动力消耗,因此制作了不同入土角、不同入土隙角以及不同侧翼的开沟器,并在土槽中试验测定不同角度开沟器的受力情况以及开沟后的土壤扰动情况。试验结果表明:不同角度开沟器对侧向力和垂直反力的影响不大,对前进阻力有明显影响,开沟器的入土隙角在5°左右时有最小的前进阻力,有侧翼的开沟器比无翼的前进阻力增加了1 7%,但地表土壤扰动不明显。有前刀的开沟器比无前刀的前进阻力降低了2 7.3%,而且地表的土壤扰动明显降低。因此,在设计开沟器时必须考虑到有较小的入土角、入土隙角以及锋利的前刀,以降低前进阻力,这为新型开沟器主要参数的选取提供了试验数据和依据。The structure of no - till openers can affect the soil resistant force and fuel consumption of tractor during no - till planting. In this study, different openers including different penetration angle, penetration clearance angle and side wedge were designed and manufactured. The soil resistant force and situation of surface after opened groove were measured in the soil bin. The results showed the influences of penetration angle and penetration clearance angle were significant for soil resistant force and no significant for side force and upright force. The low values of soil resistant force were observed at 5°of penetration clearance angle. Compared with the opener without side wedge, opener with side wedge increased soil resistant force by 17%, but there were no significant effect for the surface soil disturbance. While the opener without front blade improved 27.3 % of soil resistant force and decreased the surface soil disturbance as compared to the opener with front blade. So the less penetration angle, penetration clearance angle and sharp - edged knife should be considered in order to increase the soil resistant force during design no - till openers, and it will provide trail data for the designment of new no - till openers.

关 键 词：免耕开沟器 阻力 土槽 土壤 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程]